| This study was aimed to investigate trypotophan and flavoring agent supplementation on nutritional and physiologic effects of piglets,in order to summarize the follow rules:①Effects of trypotophan,flavor or sweetener supplementation on selective feeding behavior in suckling and weaned pigs.②Effects of trypotophan,flavor or sweetener supplementation on nutrient utilization,growth performance and diarrhea incidence in early-weaned piglets.③Effects of trypotophan supplementation on growth of viscera organs,morphology of intestine and pH of stomach and intestine.This study may be conducive to a better control of post-weaning diarrhea and improving the feed intake of sulkling and weaned pigs,and may offer academic basis of tryptophan,flavor and sweetener applicated in piglets production.This study including follow 4 trials:Trial 1:Six litters(with 10-12 sulking piglsts each litter)sulkling pigs were selected to evaluate the effects of tryptophan,flavor and sweetener supplementation on spontaneous feeding behavior and feed intake of sulkling pigs.Each litter was fed at the same time 4 diets(control diet,and diets supplemented either with 0.05%tryptophan, 0.02%of flavor,or 0.02%of sweetener).The experiment lasted 14 d.The results showed that:①The feed ingestion frequency of sweetener-supplemented, tryptophan-supplemented,flavor-supplemented and control diets were 39.12%. 31.74%.11.93%.17.22%,respectively(P＞0.05).②During the entire experimental period,comparing with control diet,selective feed intake of dietary supplementated with 0.05%tryptophan increased by 5.72%,selective feed intake of dietary supplementated with 0.02%sweetener decreased by 14.29%.The selective feed intake was no significant difference between the four diets(P＞0.05).Trial 2:The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tryptophan,flavor and sweetener supplementation on spontaneous feeding behavior and feed intake of weanling piglets.Eight PIC piglets weaned at 25±1d,with an average initial body weight(BW)of(7.9±0.5)kg,were selected and housed in individual pens and each pen has only one piglet.Each pig was fed at the same time 4 diets(control diet,and diets supplemented either with 0.05%tryptophan,0.02%of flavor,or 0.02%of sweetener). The experiment lasted 28 d.The results showed that:①The feed intake of sweetener-supplemented diet was highest and was significantly higher than that of control or flavor-supplemented diets(P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the sweetener-supplemented and tryptophan-supplemented diets(P＞0.05).Feed intake of flavor-supplemented diet was 11%lower than that of control diet, but the difference was not significant(P＞0.05).②The feed ingestion frequency of sweetener-supplemented,tryptophan-supplemented,flavor-supplemented and control diets were 38.04%.29.86%.13.35%.19.75%,respectively.This results indicate that weanling piglets prefer sweetener or tryptophan supplemented diets to control diet and piglets tend to refuse the flavor-supplemented diet in the present study.Trial 3:This study is aimed to investigate the effects of tryptophan,flavor, sweetener supplementation on growth performance,nutrient utilization and diarrhea incidence in early-weaned piglets.Forty-eight piglets weaned 23±1 d of age,with an average initial body weight(BW)of 6.0±0.5 kg,were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups(4 replications of 3 piglets per replicate pen for each treatment).The 4 groups of pigs were fed,respectively,control diet and diets supplemented either with 0.05%of tryptophan,0.02%of flavors or 0.02%of sweetener.The experiment lasted 28 d.The results showed that:①During the entire experimental period,the piglets fed diet supplementation with 0.02%of sweetener had the highest average daily feed intake (ADFI)and average daily gain(ADG),but the lowest F/G,and the difference reached a significant level compared with other 3 groups(P＜0.05).Sweetener supplementation decreased the diarrhea index by 74.4%compared with control group,compared with control group,sweetener supplementation significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),organic material(OM)and ash (P＜0.05).Sweetener supplementation had a trend of reducing plasma urea nitrogen (PUN)content(P＞0.05)and signifacantly decreased the feed cost getting per gain(P＜0.05);②The piglets fed diet supplemented with 0.05%tryptophan significantly increased ADFI and ADG(p＜0.05),the F/G was not different(P＞0.05),and the diarrhea index did not decrease compared with control group,tryptophan supplementation had a trend of decrease the feed cost getting getting per gain(P＞0.05);③Comparing with control group,the piglets fed diet supplemented with flavor significantly decreased the ADFI and ADG(P＜0.05),significantly increased F/G (P＜0.05),and decrease he diarrhea index by 5.6%.Flavor supplementation did not affect the digestibility of DM,CP,EE,OM and ash(P＞0.05),but significantly increased the PUN content of early-weaned piglets(P＜0.05);④Sweetener supplementation did not significanetly increase the feed intake compared with the tryptophan supplemented diet(P＞0.05),but the ADG was significantly higher(P＜0.05)and the F/G was significantly lower than that of the pigs fed tryptophan supplementation diet(P＜0.05).The diarrhea index of piglets fed sweetener supplementation diet was 75%lower than that of tryptophan supplementation diet.Trial 4:This trial is aimed to investigate the effects of trypotophan supplementation on growth of viscera organs,morphology of small intestine and pH of stomach and intestine.Twenty-four PIC piglets weaned 23±1 days of age,with an average initial body weight(BW)of 6.0±0.5 kg,were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups(4 replications of 3 piglets per replicate pen for each group).The 2 groups of pigs were fed, respectively,control diet and diet supplemented with 0.05%of tryptophan.The experiment lasted 7 d.The results showed that:①Diet supplemented with 0.05%of tryptophan did not significantly increase the growth rate of viscera organs(P＞0.05);②Diet supplemented with 0.05%of tryptophan significantly increased the villous height and rate of villous height to crypt dept at the 25%length of the small intestine,and significantly decreased the crypt dept(P＜0.05);③0.05%of tryptophan supplemented in control diet had a trend of decreasing the pH value of stomach,but did not significantly decrease the pH value of small intestine.The following conclusions could be drawn according to above 4 trials.①Supplemented with 0.02%of flavor decreased the feed intake and average daily gain of early-weaned piglets.The sulking and weaned pigs had a tend of refusing to ingest the diet supplemented with 0.02%flavor.②Supplemented with 0.02%of sweetener significantly increased the feed intake, average daily gain,nutrient utilization,and significantly decreased the feed cost getting per gain of early-weaned piglet,and is good for preventing diarrhea of weaned piglet happened after weanling.③Sukling Pigs like the diet with 0.05%of tryptophan supplementation diet.Diet supplemented with 0.05%of tryptophan significantly increased the feed intake of the weaned piglets,but did not significantly increase the average daily gain and nutrient utilization.The diarrhea index of the weaned piglets fed the 0.05%of tryptophan supplemented in control diet higher than that of fed control diet.④The effects of weanling stresser are very large in the first week after weanling, and gloss over the effects of trypotophan,flavor or sweetener supplementation on selective feeding behavior,nutrient utilization,growth performance and diarrhea incidence in weaned piglets⑤Inreasing trypotophan cotent in the diet base on the NRC and chinese feeding standyard of swin in 2004 can increase the feed intake and daily gain,but did not decrease the F/G and diarrhea index.
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