Component Analysis And Function Studies On The Extractions From Three Kinds Of Fungi

The cultural broth of Agrocybe aegerita and Volvariella volvacea was obtained by shaking flask. Subsequently, the different crude extracts of supernatant and mycelia were respectively extracted with petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol (Eth), Chemical analysis and antioxidant or antitumour capacity of the secondary metabolites preparation was studied. Also, the main components of Pholiota nameko mucilage mushroom were studies, as well as bioactive analysis of the mucilage in antitumour and immunological regulation by MTT assay. The results were as follows:1. The optimal composition of liquid culture medium for A. aegerita and V. volvacea was respectively determined by monofactorial and orthogonal test. The optimal medium for A. aegerita was composed of 1.5 % glucose, 2% maltose, 0.15% soybean powder, 0.15% yeast extract, 3% KH₂PO₄, 0.15% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.01% VB1and 0.001% FeSO₄·7H₂O. The optimal medium for V. volvacea was composed of 2.5% glucose, 2.5% dissolubility starch, 0.2% peptone, 1.5% soybean powder, 0.3% KH₂PO₄, 0.05% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.005% VB1 and 0.002% FeSO₄·7H₂O.2. The crude extracts of A. aegerita did not contain flavonoids, but the most amount 17.49% of triterpenoids existed in EA-soluble portion of mycelia was detected. Both triterpenoids and flavonoids were detected in all crude extracts of V. volvacea. The most content of flavonoids existed in PE-soluble portion of mycelia was 9.31%, the most content of triterpenoids existed in EA-soluble portion of mycelia was 17.00%. The statistical results indicated that the content of triterpenoids in mycelia extraction was notable higher than that in fermentation filtrates. The content of flavonoids in extracts of V. volvacea related to the pole of organic solvent, the content of flavonoids in EA-soluble portion was notable higher than that in others.3. DPPH·and lipid peroxidation assays in vitro were employed in this study to investigate the antioxidant or antitumour activity of crude extracts from A. aegerita and V. volvacea. As the result, the crude extracts both of A. aegerita and V. volvacea had strong antioxidant activity and antitumour activity. As is shown in the data, EA-soluble portion from A. aegerita had the most inhibitory effects in the two assays, the rates were 98.80% (DPPH·) and 96.41% (lipid peroxidation), respectively. The EA-soluble portion from V. volvacea had the most inhibitory effects in the two assays, the rates were 97.42% (DPPH·) and 85.34% (lipid peroxidation), respectively.4. The results of inhibiting cancer proliferation assay indicated that the crude extracts of both A. aegerita and V. volvacea were of the antitumor ability. The antitumor effect is relared to the concentrations of the crude extracts. Moreover, EA-soluble portion from fermentation filtrates was the highest inhibition on cancer cell among all of the extracts from V. volvacea, and the inhibitory rate was 94.80%. To the extracts from A. aegerita, the PE-soluble portion from fermentation filtrates had the best inhibitory effect, and the inhibitory rate reached to 91.94%.5. The mucilage of P. nameko was studied in this research report. The qualitative tests indicated that the mucilage is made up of saccharide, protein and DNA. The quantitative tests suggested that the amount of saccharide was 2.231%, the protein was 0.209% the DNA was 1.315%. Furthermore, the function of the mucilage was studied. The mucilage could inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell k562 effectively. When the cancer cells were treated by the mucilage with the concentration of 400μg/mL for 120h, the inhibition rate was 56.7%,IC₅₀ value was 302.8μg/mL. Studies also suggested that the mucilage has better effect on immunity modulation. When the mouse spleenlymphocyte and lymphocytes were treated by the mucilage with the concentration of 400μg/mL for 48h, the stimulated index to two kinds of cells was 1.8720 and 1.2198, respectively.