Study On The Land Use And The Change Of Soil Properties In Surface Soil In The North Foot Of Yinshan Mountain In Inner Mongolia

The north foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia lies in northern China at Inner Mongolian Plateau, located in arid and semi-arid areas. Agriculture pasture transition is the main land-use ways and is environmental fragile areas in agricultural production. The major factors affecting the agricultural are low temperature and inadequate water resources. Thereinto, constraints of water resources for agricultural production are the largest. Through field survey and sampling, and indoor analysis of physical and chemical properties on the north foot of Yinshan Mountain, soil moisture is monitored dynamic under different land use ways. The results show that: in the period of early spring, the impact of the low temperature, the state of deep water in soil is consolidation. The content of moisture in surface soil is less. With the increase of temperature, soil water in solid melts gradually and the content of surface soil water increases. With the increase of temperature in spring, wind in the area continuously strengthened, evaporation in the near-surface increases and the content of surface soil moisture in all types of soil is significantly reduced. Implementation of no-tillage farming in the future is conducive to maintaining soil moisture. It should not be tilling the land soon after harvest in annual autumn. The main wind in the north foot of Yinshan Mountain is northwest wind. It comes from cold and dry inland areas, the low content of moisture in the wind, and big wind speed. Windward slope region should minimize farmland, increase grassland and shrub area to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture because of wind. As the development of social and economic, land-use intensity is growing by human. It changed the nature of the original soil surface. Through field survey, sampling and indoor physical and chemical analyses in the north foot of Yinshan Mountain under different land use, the content change of organic matter in surface soil under different land use patterns is researched. The results show that: First, in the north foot of Yinshan Mountain, the content of soil organic matter is different in different way of land use. For example, with a collection of samples in the same collection, the contents of organic matter in farmland, woodland, scrub and grassland are 2.58%, 1.61%, 1.72% and 4.15%. There is a great difference. Second, the temperature and wind speed is the most important factors affected the change of soil organic matter in the north foot of Yinshan Mountian. Third, the change of the content of soil organic matter is not gradual, but a mutation process. Therefore, according to the actual situation that the north foot of Yinshan Mountain located in the north wind zone of northwest wind and the wind speed is big, it should minimize farmland in its windward slope, increase the area of grassland and bush so as to strengthen the ability of anti-soil erosion, increase topsoil organic matter, thereby improve soil fertility, soil resources can be protected. In north foot of Yinshan Mountain in different land use, particle content which size is <0.002mm is most obvious in soil composing, which is specifically through the surface vegetation cover to impact. The change of texture composition in arable land is big in low vegetation coverage. In all types of land surveyed, the soil texture of arable land tilling in fall and degenerated woodland change greatest. The soil texture changes less in grass and shrub woodland with good vegetation cover. So the best way of regional land use is grassland, shrub land or forest land. Increase vegetation coverage to improve the environment in soil surface.The results of this study provide the basis of some simple theory for the rational development and use of land resources at the Inner Mongolia plateau and in the agriculture pasture transition zone in the northern arid and semi-arid region.