Studies On The Cross Breeding And The Spawn Quality Evaluation And The Phylogenetic Relationship Of Pholiota Nameko

Pholiota nameko, one of delicious mushrooms and with health care value, is successfully cultivated in many areas in China. Pingquan County of Hebei Province is a primary producing region where the nameko mushroom products were widely favored by domestic and foreign people. In recent years, Pholiota nameko industry greatly promoted the County′s economy development, and helped farmers improve income, and brought better economic and social benefits. However,because of the degradation and aging of nameko mushroom spawns, the farmers'cultivating benefits had went down. Also, these problems increased the risk of failing in cultivating nameko mushroom and affected the farmers'cultivating enthusiasm. During the investigation, other problems, such as the out-of-order spawns market and the lack of the criterion to estimate spawn quality, also hurted the health development of nameko mushroom industry. To solve these problems and ensure the health development of nameko mushroom industry of the County, the cross breeding research using two parent strains of Pholiota nameko C3-1 and 112 was carried out. At the same time, the criterion of scientifically estimating spawn quality tried to be established. Our research also related to the study of phylogenetic relationship among the 16 types of Pholiota nameko strains collected from different areas of China. The main results were as follows:1. One better strain than parents was picked out from 43 kinds of hybridizations by comparing the growth speed and the fruitbody yield, as well as the ability of anti-pollution.2. The quality evaluation to the 13 types of Pholiota nameko strains offered by Pingquan County by biochemical methods, including comparing the growth speed of the spawns and the activity of extracellular enzymes, such as cellulase, xylanase, laccase, indicated that the growth speed of No.4 (SB2 LinSheng), No.5 (107 LinSheng) and No.7 (C3-1 LinSheng) were faster than others on PDA medium with rich inorganic salts and vitamine; that the growth speed of No.7, No.9 (C3-3 LinSheng), and No.11 (470 LinSheng) strains were faster than others on planting mushroom medium. The results of comparing the cellulase activity indicated that the enzyme activity of No.1 (No.1 ZaoSheng LinSheng), No.4, No.5 and No.7 were higher than others; and the xylanase activity of No.1, No.4, and No.7 were higher than others; and the laccase activity of No.7, No.8 (C3-2 LinSheng), and No.13 (112 TuFeiZhan) were higher than others. The No.7 was an eximious strain by overall evaluations.3. The phylogenetic relationship among the 13 types of Pholiota nameko strains were identified by the analysis of antagonistic action and esterase isozyme map. The test results suggested that No.4 and No.11, No.6 (CTE LinSheng) and No.7, No.12 (112 ZaoSheng) and No.13 were of the closest relationship. Both of them probably were the same species with different names. And the relationship of No.1, No.2 (No.2 ZaoSheng LinSheng) and No.5, No.11 and No.13, No.6 and No.10 (C3-1 SenYuan) were very close too. But the relationship of No.9 and other strains were distant.The dendrogram of esterase isozyme of the 13 types of Pholiota nameko strains showed that the strains were clustered into five groups using similarity coefficient of 0.80 as a cut-off point. Group one consisted of No.9 strain; group two consisted of No.6, No.7 and No.10 strains; group three consisted of No.8 strain; group four consisted of No.3 (No.4 ZaoSheng LinSheng); group five consisted of No.1, No.2, No.4, No.5, No.11, No.12, No.13 strains.4. The phylogenetic relationship of the 16 types of Pholiota nameko strains collected from different areas of China were confirmed by the analysis of esterase isozyme map and RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic) technology. The results showed that the relationship between some strains were very close, such as No.5 (ZaoZhuang) and No.7 (No.1 Northeast), No.10 (518) and No.7 (5188), No.12 (32 AoYu) and No.15 (3 GongYu). But it was very distant that the relationship between No.16 strain and anyother strain. The results also suggested that two kinds of technologies were reliable methods for identifying the phylogenetic relationship of Pholiota nameko strains.