Studies On The Breeding Of New Varieties Of Lentinula Edodes And Pholiota Nameko

China has become the largest country in the edible fungi production, and there are more than forty varieties of cultivars. Due to the limitations of artificial medium and the change of the growth environment, it is an indisputable fact that the cultivars become degeneration and aging. It is an important means to guarantee the healthy development of edible fungi industry by hybridize breeding, domestication of wild fungi and more methods of breeding new varieties. It is also a long-term task of edible fungi industry. This research adopts hybridization of protoplast monokaryons, domestication of wild fungi, protoplast fusion and mutagenesis, and developing the research of breeding of new varieties of Lentinula edodes and Pholiota nameko. The main results are as follows:1. Using the hybridization of mononuclear protoplast to proceed the hybridize breeding of protoplast monokaryons of 808 and A288 of Lentinula edodes. After the preliminary screening, there are 15 species of hybrids, and 10 species were screened out according to the esterase isozyme. They are as follows: 2S-5, 2S-6, 2S-9, 2S-12, 2S-13, 2S-18, 2S-21, 2S-24, 2S-28 and 2S-31. The fruiting test showed that seven species of hybrids have produced normally in 90-100 days, they are 2S-6, 2S-9, 2S-12, 2S-13, 2S-21, 2S-24 and 2S-28, and among them 2S-21 and 2S-28 are early fruiting and high yield. 2S-24 gets the fruitbodies late, but its’ cap is round and leg is stubby, solitary, good commodity characters.2. Carrying out the fruiting test on 40 species of wild Lentinula edodes and 14 species have produced normally. Based on the performance of the characteristics of the fruitbodies, screened 3 varieties which has obvious advantages. HLN117(450): early fruiting, high yield, the fruiting cycle is long. The cap is brown, has few scales, its’ stalk is slender. Fruitbody is medium, solitary, not easy to open an umbrella, and it can be used as a good breeding material. LMYP66(788), late fruiting, tide time is obviously. Fruitbody is solitary, the cap is circle, the stipe is short and fine, not easy to open an umbrella, biological efficiency is higher. It can be further domesticate into a new varieties. LMYP61(782): early fruiting, high yield, the cap is light brown, its’ edge degree is small that it easy to open an umbrella, its’ stalk is slender, fruitbody is solitary, and it can be used as a good breeding material.3. Using the protoplast fusion to proceed the hybridize breeding of protoplast of Zaofeng 112 and C3 of Pholiota nameko. After the preliminary screening, there are 18 species of fusants, according to the esterase isozyme screening out 14 species. As follows: PF-6, PF-10, PF-12, PF-31, PF-41, PF-52, PF-70, PF-106, PF-107, PF-113, PF-133, PF-175, PF-178 and PF-220. The fruiting test showed that ten species of fusants have produced successfully, they are PF-6,PF-12,PF-31, PF-52, PF-70, PF-106, PF-107, PF-113, PF-133,PF-175 and PF-178. According to the performance of the characteristics of the fruitbodies, screened 3 varieties which has obvious advantages: PF-52, PF-70 and PF-106.4. Using the ARTP mutation system to proceed the protoplast mutagenesis of Zaofeng 112 of Pholiota nameko. After the preliminary screening, there are 21 species of mutants, and 16 species were screened out according to the esterase isozyme. They are as follows: Zaofeng 112 M-5, Zaofeng 112 M-13, Zaofeng 112 M-65, Zaofeng 112 M-71, Zaofeng 112 M-80, Zaofeng 112 M-89, Zaofeng 112 M-103, Zaofeng 112 M-129, Zaofeng 112 M-160, Zaofeng 112 M-180, Zaofeng 112 M-196, Zaofeng 112 M-201, Zaofeng 112 M-276, Zaofeng 112 M-297, Zaofeng 112 M-303 and Zaofeng 112 M-308. The fruiting test showed that eleven species of mutants have produced successfully, they are Zaofeng 112 M-5, Zaofeng 112 M-65, Zaofeng 112 M-71, Zaofeng 112 M-80, Zaofeng 112 M-129, Zaofeng 112 M-160, Zaofeng 112 M-180, Zaofeng 112 M-196, Zaofeng 112 M-201, Zaofeng 112 M-276 and Zaofeng 112 M-303. According to the performance of the characteristics of the fruitbodies, screened 3 varieties which has obvious advantages: Zaofeng 112 M-5, Zaofeng 112 M-71 and Zaofeng 112 M-196.