Effects Of Combined Application Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers On Yield And Quality Of Maize And Its Physiological Basis

Excessive consumption of chemical fertilizer and pesticide leads to serious environmental pollution, while debases the quality of agricultural ecosystem. To decrease the damage of chemical fertilizer and maintain or increase the crop yield, straw-fertilizing-field after feeding animals is one important approach. This experiment chose common maize Zhengdan 958 as the target plant material to investigate the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of maize and its physiological basis. The main results are as follows:1.Effect of different treatments on yield of maizeApplying organic fertilizer could increase grain yield of maize significantly. Grain yield of treatment M2F2 get the highest grain yield, which enhanced 43.1% comparing with treatment Ml When application amount reached 75t·hm^-2 (M2) and 150t·hm^-2 (M3), grain yield increased 32.3% and 30.2%,compared with treatment Ml. On the condition of application amount reached 75 t·hm^-2 (M2), grain number per spike increased remarkably; when application amount reached150t·hm^-2 (M3), 1 000-grain weight increased significantly.2.Effect of different treatments on quality of maizeApplying organic fertilizer impacted quality of maize significantly. Protein content of treatment M2F3 was the highest one. If application amount of inorganic fertilizer were the same, grain protein content of every treatment of M2 were significantly higher than others and increased with the increase of inorganic fertilize. On the condition of M3, grain protein content increased fist and then decreased, with the increasing of inorganic fertilizer. Grain starch content of treatment M2F2 was the highest one in all treatments and significantly higher than that of other treatments. When application amount of organic fertilizer were 75 t·hm^-2 (M2), 150 t·hm^-2 (M3), grain starch content increased first and then decreased, with the increasing of inorganic fertilizer. Grain starch content of treatment M2F2 was higher than that of other treatments.3. Physiological and biochemical mechanism of maize in different fertilization systems(1)Nutrient contentGrain total nitrogen content of treatment M2F1 was highest, then treatment M3F1, which of treatment M2F3 was lowest. Grain P content of treatment M3F3 was highest, and then treatment M2F3, which of treatment M1F2, M2F1 and M3F1 was lowest. Difference of P content of stem, Bract and Spike axis between different treatments had the same law. Grain K content of treatment M2F2 and M2F3 were the lowest. Other treatment had no difference and higher than the two treatments.(2)Soluble sugar contentDuring growth duration, soluble sugar content of leaf and grain decreased quickly. On the condition of Ml, soluble sugar content of leaf and grain increased gradually with the increase of organic fertilizer at early filling stage. On the condition of M2, comparing with M1, soluble sugar content of grain increased significantly. Soluble sugar content of leaf decreased almost linearly with the postpone of growth stage. On the condition of M3, comparing with M2. Soluble sugar content of treatments M3F1and M3F2 had no significantly change. With the increase of organic fertilizer, soluble sugar content of leaf at the same growth stage decreased gradually.(3)Sucrose contentWith the postpone of growth stage, sucrose content of treatment M2F2 and the treatments of M3 increased ,which of other treatments increased first and then decreased. On the condition of M1, sucrose content of grain increased with the increase of organic fertilizer, which highest value appeared at 9.15. On the condition of M2 and M3, sucrose content of grain of all treatments increased first and then decreased. Otherwise, the highest value of other treatments appeared at 8.19except treatment M2F3, which highest value appeared at 9.15.(4)Enzymes of carbon metabolismSS activities of ear leaf had a mono-peak curve change with the postpone of growth stage. The highest value of treatment M1F1 and M1F2 appeared at 9.15, which of other treatments appeared at 8.19. On the condition of M2, the highest value of treatment M2F2 was the highest one, which of treatment M2F1 was the lowest. On the condition of M3, the highest value of treatment M3F3 was the lowest; significantly lower than that of treatment M3F1 and M3F2. With the postpone of growth stage, SS activities of grain increased firstly and then decreased. The highest value SS activities of every treatment except the treatments of Ml appeared at 9.15 all appeared at 8.19. SPS activities of ear leaf also had a mono-peak curve change with the postpone of growth stage. On the condition of Ml, SPS activities increased with the addition of inorganic fertilizer, which highest value turned on 8.19. On the condition of M2 and M3, the highest value of SPS activities of treatment M2F2 significantly higher than that of treatment M2F1and M2F3. Difference of SPS activities of grain between different treatments was in agreement with that of leaf.4. Effect of different fertilization treatments on soil fertilityIncreasing application of organic fertilizer could increase organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, which content increased with the addition of inorganic fertilizer. In the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, Mg, Zn and Fe content rather high, but Ca content was rather lower. On the condition of common inorganic fertilizer application, Cu content had no significantly change with the application of organic fertilizer.