Study On The Relation Of The Fruit Growth And Development, Germination Of Sweet Cherry (Prunus.avium L.) And The Endogenous Hormones

The present experiments, with the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)'Hongdeng'and'Daihong'as its cultivar,were carred out in the cherry orchard of Diantai village,Changqing borough, Jinan, and the cherry orchard of Yuanzhuang village,Taian, Shandong. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was used to investigate the dynamic changes of the fruit growth and development,the endogenous hormones contents of the pulp and seed as well as the contents of the endogenous hormones after branch-pulling and bud-notching treatments. The main intention were to study the relationship between the endogenous hormones and fruit growth and development as well as the relationship between the endogenous hormones and budding. The former experiment was order to find out the most effective plant growth regulator and its concentrations to improve the fruit quality. The latter results were validated by the treatment of extrinsic hormones in order to search the variety and concentration of extrinsic cytokinins that accelerate the forming of bouqueted fruiting branches.The main results were as follows:1. The present experiment, with the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)'Daihong'as its cultivar, investigated the effects of branch-pulling and bud-notching on the contents of endogenous hormones of the shoots as well as its'sprouting and growth status. The results were validated by the treatment of extrinsic hormones in order to search the variety and concentration of extrinsic cytokinins that accelerate the forming of bouqueted fruiting branches. The results showed that:The contents of endogenous hormones were increased remarkably as well as the values of GAs/ABA and ZRs/IAA after the stright-pulling and droop-pulling treatments. As a result the budding rate and shoot rate were both enhanced, the sprout rate was 54.18% after the stright-pulling treatment,which is 79.17% higher than the CK. The contents of ZRs,GAs and IAA were increased while the content of ABA was decreased after the bud-notching treatment.In the result, the values of GAs/ABA and ZRs/IAA were increased significantly,and the budding rate and shoot rate were 21.33% and 54.09% higher than the CK respectively. The validated experimentation indicated that:The rate of the bouqueted fruiting branches were acclerated by the treatments of 6-BA and ZR(10～40 mg.kg-1) ,and reached the peak values at the concentration of 20mg.kg-1,which were 64.10% and 51.60% respectively.The treatment of ZRs(10～40 mg.kg-1)was not benefit for the forming of bouqueted fruiting branches.2.The results showed that the growth and development period of'Hongdeng'sweet cherry could be divided into three phases: I. The first fast-developed period (5th ~15th days after full bloom), during which the fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameters developed fast, with the vertical diameter developed faster than the horizontal one; II. The core-harden period (15th~25th days after full bloom), during which the fruit developed slowly; III. The second fast-developed period (25th ~40th days after full bloom), during which the fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameters resumed to develop fast, but the horizontal diameter developed faster than the vertical one this time.3.The relationship between the contents of endogenous hormones and the fruit growth and development was consanguineous. The contents of ZRS,IAA and GAS in the pulp were high in the first fast-developed period (5th days after full bloom), then had a tendency of decrease in the core-harden period (15th～25th days after full bloom).and the contents of IAA and GAS reached the lowest values in this period, and they all had a tendency of increase in the second fast-developed period (25th ~40th days after full bloom) until maturity, corresponding with the fruit growth..On the contrary, the contents of ZRS,IAA and GAS in the seeds are lower in theⅠandⅡfast-developed period,and they all have the peak values in the core-harden period, corresponding with the growth of fruit and seed.The content of ABA had the peak values in the 5th, 15th, 35th days after full bloom, similar to the fruit (flower) dropping periods.4. Different plant growth regulators with different concentrations were used to study the effects of them on the fruit setting rate and the fruit qulity. The results showed that:The fruit setting rate were all been enhanced under the treatments of GA3(10～50 mg.kg-1), and significantly improved at the concentration of 30～40 mg.kg-1.The fruit setting rate reached the peak value at the concentration of 40 mg.kg-1,which is 52.90%,but the fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameter were not improved significantly, the content of soluble sugar decreased 1.08%, while the content of titrable acid increased 0.27%, the value of sugar/acid was 12.51,which is lower than the CK, the guality of the fruit was decreased significantly.The fruit setting rate was 50.10% on the treatment of 30 mg.kg-1GA3,which was only about 1.90% lower than the 40mg.kg-1 GA3 treatment,but the fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameter were all reeached the highest values, the value of sugar/acid is 13.87,the fruit quality was improved significantly.The fruit setting rate and the fruit quality were both more significantly improved under the treatment of GA3(30 mg.kg-1)+6-BA/6-KT(10～30 mg.kg-1) in full bloom than the treatment of GA3(30 mg.kg-1),and they all have the most effects at the concentration of 6-BA/6-KT(20 mg.kg-1). The effects of spraying GA3(30 mg.kg-1)+6-KT(10～30 mg.kg-1) on the fruit setting rate and the fruit quality were both more significantly improved than the treatment of GA3(30 mg.kg-1)+6-BA(10～30 mg.kg-1).The fruit setting rate had the highest value on the treatment of GA3(30 mg.kg-1)+6-KT(20 mg.kg-1),and the fruit qualitys were also been improved significantly.