Detoxification Of Glucomanman Compound Adsorbents For Mixed Mycotoxins Contamination In Broiler Feeds

The experiments were conducted to study the effect of glucomanan, glucomanan-bentonite compounds and anhydride modified glucomanan on the adsorption of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁),zearalenone(ZEA) and deoxynivalenol(DON) by isothermal adsorption experiment in vitro and desorption experiment,and then to obtain the adsorbent of the best adsorption effect,and evaluate the detoxification effect on mycotoxins by broiler raise test and physiological biochemistry analysis.1.The vitro experimentThe vitro experiment was shown to study the effect of glucomanan,9:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ… ,4:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…¡,2:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…¢,1:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…£,bentonite and acetic anhydride modified glucomanan on the adsorption of aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁), zearalenone(ZEA) and deoxynivalenol(DON),and the efficiency of 7 adsorbents to detoxify aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁),zearalenone(ZEA) and deoxynivalenol(DON).The results of the vitro experiment were as following:The isothermal adsorption of AFB₁ and ZEA on glucomanan,glucomanan-bentonite compounds and anhydride modified glucomanan were all fitted Langmuir equation from the fitting degree.The adsorption styles were monolayer adsorption;While the isothermal adsorption of ZEA on bentonite was not fitted neither Langmuir equation nor Freundlich equation from the fitting degree The maxium amount of AFB₁ and ZEA adsorbed on 1:1 glucomanan-bentonite compound was 250μg/g,1 776μg/g respectively at pH2.0,and it was the biggest.The maxium amount of AFB₁ adsorbed on 1:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…£and 2:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…¢was the biggest,217.39μg/g at pH8.0;The maxium amount of ZEA adsorbed on 1:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…£was also the biggest,1 324μg/g at pH8.0.The efficiency of 1:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…£to detoxify AFB₁ and ZEA is very low.Furthermore,the isothermal adsorption of DON on all adsorbents were not fitted neither Langmuir equation nor Freundlich equation from the fitting degree,in addition,the adsorption effeciency on DON were very low.Therefore,1:1 glucomanan-bentonite compoundâ…£(to be called for short as detoxification compound) was carried out to be authenticated in broiler experiment.2.Chronic toxicity experiment with broiler240 1-week-old Avian broiler chickens were randomly allotted into 8 treament groups[5 replicates of 6 each]from days 1 to 42 for a two-phase trial(2-4 weeks,2-7 weeks).The 8 dietary treatments consisted of:(1) control,basal diet;(2) contaminated group,mycotoxins contaminated diet;(3) group 1,0.05%detoxification compound added to basal diet;(4) group 2,0.05 detoxification compound plus mycotoxins contaminated diet;(5) group 3,0.1%detoxification compound plus mycotoxins contaminated diet;(6) group 4, 0.1%marketing adsorbent plus mycotoxins contaminated diet;(7) group 5,0.3% glucomananâ… of yeast cell wall plus mycotoxins contaminated diet;(8) group 6,0.3% glucomananâ…¡of yeast cell wall plus mycotoxins contaminated diet.Chickens were monitored daily and then body weight and feed consumption were recorded at 1,21,42 days of experiment.On the first day of trial and last day of every phase,2 broiler chickens from each replicate were taken out randomly,jugular bloodletting then slaughtered,blood samples were collected to determine physiological biochemical parameters and immune indexes.The experiment was conducted to evaluate the detoxification effect in broiler by studying effects on growth performance,the severity of lesions in the livers,immune function and mycotoxins residues in body tissues.The results showed as follows:The growth performance:There was different effects of all adsorbents on growth performance for broilers in the two phase.From the whole rearing period,with the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound,0.1%marketing adsorbent and 0.3%untreated glucomanan 1 of yeast cell wall to mycotoxins contaminated diet,average daily gain (ADG) increased all significantly(p＜0.05) compared to which in the mycotoxins contaminated diet,among the results,when 0.1%detoxification compound was added to mycotoxins contaminated diet,ADG increased by 10.22%compared to which in mycotoxins contaminated diet,However,ADG of all dietary treated groups were all lower than that with basal diet(p＞0.05).Moreover,the feed/gain ratio all decreased with he addition of all adsorbents to mycotoxins contaminated diets and only which in the group of the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound and 0.1%marketing adsorbent to mycotoxins contaminated diet showed significantly difference in compasion to which in mycotoxins contaminated diets(p＜0.05).The feed/gain ratio in the group of the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound to mycotoxins contaminated diet was the lowest.Liver damage:There were different effect on AST,ALT,AKP andγ-GT in serum of broiler chickens among all dietary treated groups.In the first phase,serum AKP with mycotoxins contaminated diet was significant higher than which in basal diet(P＜0.05). Serum AST in the group of the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound to mycotoxins contaminated diet was lowest;In the second phase,serum AST,ALT andγ-GT with mycotoxins contaminated diet was significant higher than which in basal diet(p＜0.05). With the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound,serum AST,ALT andγ-GT were all lower than those in mycotoxins contaminated diet(p＜0.05).Through out the whole experiment,Compared with basal diet,mycotoxins contaminated diet decreased serum total protein,albumin remarkably(p＜0.05).Serum albumin was significantly increased when 0.1%detoxification compound was added to mycotoxins contaminated diet(p＜0.05). Serum total protein,albumi in other groups showed a trend of increase compared to which in mycotoxins contaminated diet,however,there was no significant differences(p＞0.05).The immune function:In the first phase,spleen index in mycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly higher than that in basal diet.However,Bursa of Fabricius index in mycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly lower than that in basal diet.spleen index with the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound to mycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly lower than that in mycotoxins contaminated diet(p＜0.05),however,it was not up to that of basal diet.In the second phase,Bursa of Fabricius index in mycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly lower than that in basal diet(p＜0.05).Bursa of Fabricius index with the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound to mycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly lower than that in mycotoxins contaminated diet (p＜0.05),however,it was not up to that of basal diet.Through out the whole experiment, New castle disease antibody titer in mycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly lower than that in basal diet(p＜0.05),New castle disease antibody titer showed a trend of increase with the addition of all adsorbents to mycotoxins contaminated diet,that in group 3 was the highest,however,it was not up to significant level(p＞0.05).The relative organ weights:In the first phase,the relative liver weight,the relative kidney weight and the relative stomachus muscularis weight in mycotoxins contaminated diet were all significantly higher than those in basal diet(p＜0.05).the relative kidney weight with the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound tomycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly lower than that in mycotoxins contaminated diet(p＜0.05),there was no significant difference compared to basal diet(p＞0.05);In the second phase,the relative liver weight,the relative kidney weight,the relative ovaries weight and the relative testicle weight in mycotoxins contaminated diet was significantly lower than that in basal diet(p＜0.05).With the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound to mycotoxins contaminated diet,the relative liver weight,the relative kidney weight,the relative ovaries weight and the relative testicle weight were all showed a trend of increase, however,there was no significant differences(p＞0.05).Mycotoxins residues in body tissues:Mycotoxins residues in body tissues were all not detected in all groups.In conclusion,compared to mycotoxins contaminated diet,with the addition of 0.1% detoxification compound,0.1%marketing adsorbent and 0.3%glucomananâ… of yeast cell wall to mycotoxins contaminated diet,growth performance in broiler improved apparently. The effect with the addition of 0.1%detoxification compound is most siginificantly.There was significant protection from liver function when 0.1%detoxification compound was added to mycotoxins contaminated diet.