Analysis Of Population Quality Indices And Effects On Grain Yield And Quality In Winter Wheat With High-quality And Grain Yield

This paper systemically studied the population-Quality indices,young spike differentiation,grain yield,main quality indices and the resource utilization by using semi-winterness wheat with different types of gluten-Jimai 20(strong gluten),Yumai 49(middle gluten),Zhengmai 004(weak gluten),and weak springness wheat with different types of gluten,Zhengmai 9023(strong gluten),Yanzhan 4110(middle gluten),Yumai(weak gluten) 50.The experimentation was controlled under field conditions in 2006-2007 growing seasons by regulation of sowing date.The main results were as follows:1 The population quality indices of different type wheat varieties with high-quality and grain yieldThe results showed that the total group stems number followed the similar parabola trend.The tiller peak appeared on regreening period for semi-winterness wheat varieties under earlier and suitable sowing date.It is up to 1770×104/hm2.While the tiller peak appeared on jointing stage under later sowing ,and the group number was 1374×104/hm2.The spikes of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 on maturity were 785×104/hm2,683×104/hm2 and 646×104/hm2,respectively.However,the tiller peak appeared on jointing stage of weak springness wheat varieties by 1625×104/hm2,on maturity Zhengmai 9023,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 were 680×104/hm2,738104/hm2 and 640×104/hm2 ,respectively.The trend of dry matter weight showed exponential increasing,and it had a liner ascending tendency after booting.The dry matter weight was about 20 t/hm2 on maturity of different wheat varieties.The trend of leaf area index followed a single peak curve,and the peak appeared on booting stage,The biggest leaf area index of semi-winter wheat and weak springness wheat varieties up to 8.25 and 9.03,respectively.it keep about 5.6 and 5.3 on 20d after anthesis. respectively.The Grain weight per leaf area and grain-number per leaf area of semi-winterness wheat varieties were bigger than that of weak springness wheat varieties, The Grain weight per leaf area of semi-winterness wheat Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 were 16.05,14.73 and 16.92,respectively.And the grain-number per leaf area was about 0.33.The Grain weight per leaf area of weak springness wheat Zhengmai 9023,Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50 were 12.86,13.81 and 10.76, respectively.and the grain-number per leaf area were 0.23,0.29 and 0.26,respectively. 2 The young spike differentiation of different type wheat varieties with grain yieldThe results showed that:the process of different type wheat varieties exhibited a trend of"slow-fast-slow",and the period from begin of differentiation to the glume differentiation stage was long and fast,the period from the glume differentiation stage to anther seperation stage was short and slowly.the period from anther separation to tetrad stage was long.The differentiation process of semi-winterness wheat was averaging 148d,and they were 69.7%,14.3% and 16.0%,respectively.The total accumulated temperature was 733.2℃·d～468.7℃·d,The semi-winterness wheat varieties were over winterness by single ridge stage.and the accumulated temperature of double ridge stage was rigorous,and it was about 90℃·d. The differentiation process of weak springness wheat was averaging 140d,and they were 67.0%,12.9% and 20.1%,respectively.The total accumulated temperature was 637.3℃·d～482.8℃·d,the differentiation speed of Zhengmai 9023 was faster than others,it over winter by double ridge stage under early and suitable sowing,by single ridge stage under late sowing.But by double ridge stage under early sowing,by single ridge stage under suitable and late sowing of Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50.3 The grain yield and yield component of different type wheat varieties with grain yield The grain yield of three semi-winterness wheat varieties were up to 7500 kg/hm2,Significant difference were found among three varieties,the spikes of Jimai 20,Yumai 49 and Zhengmai 004 were 785×104/hm2,683×104/ hm2 and 646×104/hm2,respectively.The kernels per spike of Zhengmai 004 was higher than that of Jimai 20 and Yumai 49 by 11.9 and 13.5 percentage point, respectively.The 1000-kernel weight of Yumai 49 was heavier than that of Jimai 20 and Zhengmai 004 by 7.63g and 6.55g,respectively.The grain yield of three weak springness wheat varieties were lower than semi-winterness wheat varieties,and Yanzhan 4110>Zhengmai 9023>Yumai 50.The difference were significant among the varieties,the spikes number of Yanzhan 4110 was most,The kernels per spike of Yumai 50 was higher than that of Zhengmai 9023 and Yanzhan 4110 by 27.92 and 7.52 percentage point,respectively.The 1000-kernel weight of Zhengmai 9023 was heavier than that of Yanzhan 4110 and Yumai 50,respectively.4 The nutrition quality and pasting properties and the flour end-use quality of different type wheat varieties with high-quality and grain yield.The results indicated that:the starch content and its components decreased with the stronger of gluten,the protein content increased,the lysine content of semi-winterness wheat was higher than that of weak springness wheat,averaging 11.2%.The starch content of weak springness wheat was higher than that of semi-winterness wheat.The starch content and its components increased of semi-winterness wheat Jimai 20 and Yumai 49 with the postpone of sowing date, while they first increased then decreased of Zhengmai 004,weak gluten.It was not benfit for starch accumulation under early and late sowing.The falling number decreased with the lower of gluten,and that of strong gluten was higer than weak gluten by 36.97 percentage point.The unit weight of different gluten wheat varieties were about 800g/L.The pasting properties of strong and middle gluten had little difference,Peak viscosity,trough and final viscosity was about 1400BU,1200BU和1700BU.and they were higher than that of weak gluten varieties(parameters were about 1000BU,850BU,1400BU).The setback and break down showed little difference during different gluten. The effects on pasting parameters of strong and middle gluten were little,but Peak viscosity, trough and final viscosity was increased significantly of weak gluten Zhengmai 004 under early and late sowing.The trends of both farinograph and extensograph parameters except degree of softening showed that,strong gluten>middle gluten>weak gluten.The sowing dates had significant effects on flour nutrition quality and processing quality.The results showed that,early sowing could increased farinograph and extensograph parameter,dreased softening,improved the end-use quality of Jimai 20,while suitable sowing date would improve the end-use quality of middle gluten Yumai 49,late sowing would improve the end-use quality of Zhengmai 004. It indicated that suitable sowing date would improve the end-use quality of weak springness wheat varieties with strong gluten Zhengmai 9023.and weak gluten 50,Both farinograph and extensograph parameter of middle gluten Yanzhan 4110 decreased with the postpone of sowing date.5 The resource utilization rate of of different type wheat varieties with grain yield The results indicated that,the water use efficiency of different wheat varieties was about 19,the water consuming amount during the whole stage was first decreased then increased,the water use efficiency first increased then decreased with the postpone of sowing date.The effect on total accumulated temperature during the whole stage of semi-winterness wheat varieties was not significant,it ranged from 1924℃·d to 2192℃·d,But the effect of weak springness wheat varieties was big, it ranged from 1750℃·d to 2010℃·d,The total accumulated temperature of semi-winterness wheat was higher by 200℃·d than weak springness wheat, and the variance mainly concentrated on that before overwintering,and the difference was not significant after booting stage.The total accumulated temperature decreased with the postpone of sowing date.