Effects Of Green Manure And Microbial Fertilizer On Maize Stubble Soil Characteristics And Quality Of Flue-Cured Tobacco

Pot experiments were conducted to study the suitable application of nitrogen on maize stubble soil and the effects of microbial fertilizer on the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the farm of Henan Agriculture University, and field experiments were carried out to study the effects of green manure and microbial fertilizer on the soil physical, chemical, biological characters, yields and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Baofeng county Pingdingshan city in 2006 and 2007. The results were as follows:1. There was more residual nitrogen in the maize stubble soil than other soil. Halving the nitrogen application with applying microbial fertilizer was helpful to increase the NR activities, root activities, root volume and dry weight, promoting the accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoids at early stage and speeding up the degradation of them at later stage, increasing the aroma components, and finally improving the tobacco quality.2. The soil water content and porosity increased, the bulk density decreased with the increase of the microbial fertilizer application. Green manure and applying microbial fertilizer was helpful to increase the soil available nitrogen, total nitrogen content in the vigorous growth period, increasing the soil available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, humus and CEC contents at the later vigorous growth period. It also slightly increased the population of bacterium, epiphyte and actinomycetes, the activities of soil urase, neutral phosphates and converting enzyme.3. The correlations of the soil organic matter,humus and the soil water content,soil porosity,population of microbe, activities of soil enzyme were significant positive significant. The correlation of the soil organic matter, humus and the soil bulk density was very negative significant. Soil physical and biochemistry changed because of the changing of soil organic matter and humus. The organic matter and humus could increase obviously by using green manures and microbial fertilizer.Humus was a kind of organic colloid, and promoted the formation of soil water stable aggregates, so that the water conservation , fertilizer conservation and water permeability were enhanced significantly. Humic acid can reduce soil pH. Organic matter and humus could provide the carbon source and suitable soil environment for microbial activity which increased edaphon quantity and enhanced soil enzymatic activities.4. Green manure and microbial fertilizer could significantly increase the tobacco yield, output value and the ratio of mid-and high-grade leaves. Comparing with control treatment, the average price, output value, ratios of mid-and high-grade leaves individually increased 40.71%～48.28%, 48.28%～59.20%, 21.68%～47.38%, 5.87%～14.37%, which showed that the green manure and microbial fertilizer treatment increased the economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco.5. The contents of chloridion, nicotine, total nitrogen significantly decreased with the improvement of microbial fertilizer application in upper and cutter leaves. The content of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, sugar-nicotine ratio and K/CL ratio significantly increased with the increase of microbial fertilizer application. The chemical component was coordinate,and the availability was high of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the treatment of green manure on maize stubble soil combined with row application 300 kg ha-1 and spot application 300 kg ha-1 microbial fertilizer.6. The content of neophytadiene, total neutral aroma components, aroma components classified to cembranoid, aroma components degraded from carotenoid increased with the increase of the microbial fertilizer application. The content of aroma components classified to phenylalanine could increase by applying suitable microbial fertilizer, but it would decrease if the application of microbial fertilizer was over. The treatment of green manure increased the contents of aroma components classified to cembranoid, aroma components classified to phenylalanine in upper and lower leaves, and increased the contents of aroma components classified to Maillard reaction products, aroma components degraded from carotenoid in lower leaves. In summary, there was low content of the aroma components except that classified to Maillard reaction products in the treatment of maize stubble, rich and high content of the aroma components in the treatment of green manure on maize stubble soil combined with row application 300 kg ha-1 and spot application 300 kg ha-1 microbial fertilizer.