| By field experiment method, this paper researched the effects of integrative ridge planting on winter wheat and summer maize growth and development, water and fertilizer use status, and soil environment. The main results are as follows:First, the cultivation patterns of integrative ridge planting system of winter wheat and summer maize were beneficial to the increase of water and fertilizer use efficiency. The tests indicate that water use efficiency of ridge planting of winter wheat increased 12.99% to 20.03%, and that of summer maize increased 10.02% to 24.19% by ridge planting. On carrying out integrative ridge planting of the whole year, it saved water by 618.14 to 885.74m3/hm~2, the water use efficiency increased reached to 11.30% to 22.87%. On carrying out ridge planting, the fertilizer applicated centralized in the furrow, instead of broadcast application by traditional flat planting. The fertilizer application depth relatively increased. The fertilizer use efficiency increase obviously. By ridge planting, absorbing capacity of NPK respectively increase by 17.17%,10.11% and 4.40% in winter wheat breeding season, and that in summer maize breeding season is respectively 11.38%,8.48% and 7.18%. The whole year, it increased by 14.18%, 9.20% and 5.90% separately. In this experiment, it shows that the content of NPK and organic matter increased in all.Second, the soil physical and chemical properties are improved greatly by using ridge planting system of winter wheat and summer maize. The results show that, it increased the Bacteria, Fungi and Actinomycetes number existing in rhizosphere soil significantly. Compared with conventional flat planting, in summer maize's rhizosphere soil, Bacteria number increased 1.80×10~6 to 2.26×10~6 individuals per g dried soil, and Fungi number increased 0.40×10~3 to 6.77×10~3 individuals per g dried soil, and Actinomycetes number increased 9.14×10~4 to 12.01×10~4 individuals per g dried soil. The total number increased reached to 1.57×10~6 to 2.36×10~6 individuals per g dried soil. And in rhizosphere soil of summer maize by ridge, the activity of invertase, Urease and protease increased 5.22% to 14.38, 3.58% to 24.09% and 6.42% to 146.92% respectively, but the neutral phosphatase decreased. The soil respiration rate on the bed of ridge was higher than flat planting significantly, but in the furrow it decreased significantly. By determination of the soil respiration rate before and after irrigation, it showed that the soil respiration rate decreased both ridge and flat planting, but the soil respiration rate recovered faster. The diurnal variations of soil respiration showed that about at 19:00, that was at the alternating time of day and night, it reached the highest value. After it got down after 19:00 and also tended to stable. It manifested as central symmetry on 19:00 between day and night.The whole diurnal change presented as the bed>the furrow>flat. The soil respiration in different growth stages of summer maize, it increased first, and then decreased. It increased continuously from jointing to silking, after then it began to reduce. Soil bulk density in the 0-30 cm layer the bed of ridge planting decreased 4.38% to 7.95% compared with flat planting, and soil porosity increased by 4.69% to 10.53%.Third, it promoted the growth and development and had obvious high-yield and stable-yield effects according integrative ridge planting of winter wheat and summer maize. The winter wheat's plant hight decreased, the diam diameter increased, and the plant had stronge growth after ridge planting. The leaf area index of ridge planting was lower than flat planting during the early growth stage, but there was no obvious different at the late growth stage, and its growth period was longer by 1 to 3 days. These were benificial to manufacte assimilation product and accumulate ary matter, and promoted the increase of the yield. The winter wheat increased 242.45 to 510.29 kg/hm~2,the range of increasing reached to 2.67 % to 5.86%. The summer maize height of ridge planting was still decreased, the stem diameter was increased, and the Pn, Tr, Gs, PAR of maize were significantly increased, but the Ci decreased significantly. Fv/Fm andФPSⅡwere all increased. Summer maize yield increased 668.71 to 1658.54kg/hm~2,the range of increasing was 5.91% to 12.84%. The whole year yield increased 911.16 to 2168.83kg/hm~2。...
|
PDF Full Text Request