A Study On The Biological Characteristics And Domestication Of Pholiota Adipose In Xining

Morphological observations were made on 12 mushroom fruitbodies collected from Xi-ning in the article.After careful identification by means of referring to references,they are primiarily designated to be Pholiota adipose(Fr.) Quél.It belongs to Eumycota Basidiomycetes Agaricales Strophariaceae Pholiota in classification.Investigations made on the resource distribution and ecological characteristics of Pholiota adipose in Xi-ning in this paper revealed that Pholiota adipose occours mainly on fuzz sticks of broadleaf tree specis such as poplar,willow and birch in mid-August to the beginning of October with the highest occurrence probability on September.The seasonal temperature when Pholiota adipose occurs is from 7 to 20℃and ground surface temperature from 9 to 23℃.The air humidity is from 54%to 65% and precipitation from 17 to 86mm when Pholiota adipose occurs.After tissue isolation of Pholiota adipose fruitbodies,five strains of Pholiota adipose were obtained among which one was identified to be of superior strain and this strain was named XN-9-18.Systemic research on the physiological,biochemical and cultivation characteristics was also made in this paper.Research on the nutritional physiology of Pholiota adipose mycelium revealed that the best carbon resource for Pholiota adipose is glucose and secondly D-xylose, D-fructose and maltose and starch was identified to be the worst utilized carbon resource;the best nitrogen resource for Pholiota adipose are yeast extract and beef extract and secondly peptone;Pholiota adipose didn't grow well in inorganic nitrogen resource such as(NH₀4)₂SO₄,NaNO₃,NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ and can't grow in 0.2%urea; growth factor vitamin B₂ and vitamin B₁ improved the growth of Pholiota adipose mycelium obviously;optimization analysis came to the follwing combition:Lactose 2.0g,peptone 1.5g,KH₂PO₄ 0.1g,V_B2 0.002mg;orthogonal test[L₉(3⁴)]of environmental factors suggested the optimal growth condition for Pholiota adipose mycelium is as follows:25℃,humidity 60%,pH 7.5 and avoid light.Growth curve of Pholiota adipose mycelium revealed that growth of mycelium can be divided into three phases,the regressive equation is Y=—3.43t+1.81t²-0.08t³, while Y is the diameter of colony and t is number of day.Orthogonal test was made to investigate factors that influence fermentation of using Pholiota adipose mycelium and optimal combition is as follows:glucose 3.0 g, yeast extract 0.2g,vitamin B₂ 0.003 g,10 d of incubation time,pH 7.5,incubation temperature 25℃and 250 mL volumn.Investigation of Pholiota adipose polysaccharide was performed using orthogonal test and the result show that the combition to get the highest yield of Pholiota adipose mycelium polysaccharide were as follows:extraction ratio 1:30, extraction time 3 h and extraction temperature 110℃;the combition to get the highest yield of Pholiota adipose fruitbodies were as follows:Extraction ratio 1:30, extraction time 3 h and 100%of ethanol concentration.The result of domestication experiment showed that ideal primary stock substrates for growth of Pholiota adipose mycelium are as follows:wheat 55%, cottonseed cod 20%,wheat bran 20%,plaster2%,soil 2%and glucose 1%.The optimal cultivation compostes are:38.5%weed tree sawdust,20%cottonseed cod, 20%wheat bran,1.0%sucrose and 1.5%calcium carbonate and 0.5%(NH₄)₂SO₄.The experiment of growth using bottle based on this medium revealed the biological efficiency to be 52.43%,The experiment of potted plant revealed the biological efficiency to be 83.36%.After the result of domestication experiment,the process of cultivating Pholiota adipose was explored and the basic process are as the follows:making bevel culture medium→making primary stock substrates→making cultivation composte→to earth up→managing to grow fruitbodies→picking。The cultivation technique was also provided and basis for artificial domestication was set up in the paper.