Dynamic Changes Analysis And Value Of Ecosystem Services Assessment Grassland Of The Western Jilin

As a kind of natural resource that can revive, grassland resource has significant role and value for developing animal husbandry and protecting biological diversity, self-control water resource and maintaining ecological balance, and it plays an important role in human production and life. During the long-term exploiting and utilizing grassland resource, Grassland resource has been destroyed seriously by opening up wasteland blindly, such as lacking comprehensive program of exploiting, utilizing and scientific renovating measure. As a result, the quantity of fine herbage dropped; the cover degree of vegetation declined; vegetation productivity has dropped; the soil become hard and impervious; the structure of grassland ecosystem changed; the salinization of soil cause the area of grassland decreasing; the desertification, salinization and degeneration are serious; the ecological system is imbalance seriously, and the ecological environment deteriorate extremely. And so has the grassland,which has blocked the continuous,steady,harmonious development of the grassland stockbreeding—production.The western JiLin province,which has a high economic value, plays an important ecological significance, lied in the southwest of Songnen plain, is a good hydro-thermal conditions, the rich biological resources, high quality pasture grassland and the Green Ecological barriers, is an important production base of agriculture, livestock and energy sources industry. In the regional, GDP per capita is lower than the average level of the province and low agricultural output function, is a typical pastoral farming. The speed of grassland degradation, desertification and salinization is faster than ever before due to the impact caused by natural climate variations and human activities. In a word, the eco-environmental destruction of the grassland is very serious. With the escalation of grassland degradation, the degradation of grassland resources was dynamical monitored and quantitatively depicted and analyses.In this paper, the grassland resources were chose as research subjects in western Jilin. Based on the theory of Environmental Ecology and Ecological Economics, TM remote sensing images were used to interpret the Spatial Information of land use, and then to prepare and make remote sensing interpreted map. The number of land-use change model,Transfer Matrix of Land-use types Analysis Model and Fractal dimension model was used to reveal the spatial and temporal change characteristic and law of the grassland dynamics. Meanwhile, the Ecological Economics method was alse combined to measure the Service functions value of Grassland ecosystem, and to do a comprehensive evaluation.In this article, the main studying process is to interpret the four remote sensing images using 3S technology, extract the remote sensing data of land use/ land cover and analyze the impact of the decline of grassland on coverage with GIS software. In order to reflect the changes'trends and extents of the land use more intuitively and accurately, the change rate and pattern of regional grassland area should be described quantitatively by applying the land-use change model, fractal dimension and type of transfer matrix model while the comprehensive study is done on the spatial and temporal changes of grassland of western Jilin in the near 15 years.In the study period, Jilin's grassland in western the total grassland's area from 84.28×104hm2 areas decreased to 56.96×104hm2, and almost 32.42 percent for 15 years. The high coverage grassland decreased by 13.48×104hm2; in the middle coverage area of grassland decreased by 11.34×104hm2.The low coverage grassland area, a decrease of 2.32×104hm2. From a variety of coverage to reduce the level of grass, the area of high coverage grassland reduced maximum, the low grass cover at least. Through the superimposition of the remote sensing interpreted chart and the extraction of the attribute's information in the four years,we got the dynamic change's data of each kind of grassland in the research area. The high coverage grassland converted chiefly to the middle coverage grassland, followed by low coverage grassland, glebe, woodland, saline-alkali land and paddy fields, 55.28 percent of which changed to middle,low-covered grassland. The most of middle coverage changed into dry field,saline-alkali land,woodland and low-covered grassland。The low coverage grassland was transformed into saline, followed by arable land, woodland and sand and so on. Studies had shown, the dynamic degree of grassland had been negative and the grassland had been degraded; The total dynamic degree had been consistent with the dynamic degree of the middle coverage grassland,which had showed that the middle coverage grassland had larger influence in the whole change of grassland.According to the diagnosis of the damaged extent of the western grassland's ecosystem in Jilin, we analyzed, its land use structure of d the RD was a small increase in, from 0.22 to 0.27 during the reach years. In the 1989, 1996, 2000 and 2004, the area-perimeter fractal dimension of grassland, respectively was 1.379, 1.619, 1.373 and 1.397 in West Jilin Province. From 1989 to 2004, the value of PAFD increased 0.018. In the meantime, the grass by the strong impact of human factors, human factors as a result of increased interference, resulting in a grassland ecosystem biodiversity decline.In the interference of human activities, the serious ecological problems, such as the quality of the ecological environment of grassland, grassland desertification and alkalization ecosystem services greatly weakened, has seriously hampered local economic, social and environmental sustainable development. Taking into account the status above, we account the service value of grassland ecosystem, which can find out existing problems of grassland ecosystem, and understand fundamentally, assess scientifically, control rationally and utilize continuously the service value of grassland ecosystem, and offer the theoretical foundation for the scientific management of agricultural ecosystem and the ecological security study of grassland. It will make the grassland ecosystem offer greater utility for human existence and sustainable development.I take market value assessment method, substitution engineering method, shade price method and substitute economics method and opportunity cost method, etc.. Aiming at grassland ecosystem of the western JiLin province, I account the function values of products, accumulation of carbon and oxygen to release, soil conservation, water resource conservation, nutrients circulation, waste degradation and nutrient return value ,environment depuration and fixing drifting sand against wind, then calculate the total service value of The western JiLin province.Fifteen years, the grassland ecosystem service value from 4,465.71×108 RMB reduced to 3,609.55×108 RMB, decrease of 856.16×108 RMB, lower 19.17 percent. In 1989, the value of the function values of products, accumulation of carbon and oxygen to release, water resource conservation, nutrients circulation and environment depuration were a half of the value of 2004, mainly because of Changling, Qianguo and Qian'an to reduce the extent of a large. But the region of Baicheng generally declined. The value of soil conservation were declined in the whole western JiLin province,except Ningjiang. In the respect of fixing drifting sand against wind, the value of the region of Baicheng was twice more than the region of Baicheng. Most Prefectures and cities,the value of ecosystem services were declining, in addition to Zhenlai up in 2004 in the grassland.In this article, the land-use change was an entry point, multi-use remote sensing data and non-remote sensing data were used, and fractal theory was also applied, to study the dynamic changes of Jilin's grassland in western. Long sequences of ecosystem services valuation for evaluation were used, to avoid the defects of static of the value of ecosystem services indicators, which is innovative method. In this study, to reflect the sustainable use of grassland resources in the spatial characteristics and diachronic characteristics are important, to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable use of grassland resources in the region.