| The economic assessment for forest ecosystem service is a precondition forpeople to understand forestry directly and correctly, which could also providetheoretical foundation for programming ecological environment construction offorestry, and planning biodiversity protection. Diebu county, which located in south ofGansu province, upstream of Bailong river, gather together a large number of Tibetannationality, is a forest county and had a larger scale of virgin forest ever. However,since1960’s to1990’s, the forestry area and ecosystem service in that area wasdecreased dramatically, and biodiversity was apparently lost, which due to the heavyand long-term logging by state-owned logging enterprises and local government.Since1998, China has taken a series of ecological engineering like natural forestprotection, Green for Grain Project, national public welfare forest protection andconstruction to protect forest resource, the government of Diebu took measures liketotally forbid forest harvesting, carried out forest plantation, promote naturalregeneration, etc. to response national policy, after took those steps, the forest area,stand volume, and forest coverage in that area increased at the same time, and theforest coverage rate reached61.61%in2011, forest ecosystem service andbiodiversity recovered and improved constantly.This study is based on concluding and analyzing the research of forest ecosystemservice function mechanism at domestic and overseas, using experts consultationmethod, analytic hierarchy process and frequency analytical method, and then weselected evaluation indexes from home and abroad according to characteristics ofDiebu forest ecosystem, which were more acceptable, easy to quantify, and suit forevaluating forest ecosystem service function. The evaluation index system of Diebuforest ecosystem service we built include2first level indexes,7second level indexes,14third level indexes. After analyzing statistical data and the local second classsurveys’ report of forest resource, then combined with field investigation, we assessedthe value of7function and14indexes in Diebu forest ecosystem like the direct valuesof extractive goods, direct values of non-extractive service, water conservation, soil protection, carbon fixation and oxygen release, air purification, biodiversity protectionetc. by using market value method, replacement cost method, benefits transfer method,contingent valuation method and so on. Then we had the final result of the totalservice valuation of forest ecosystem in Diebu County in2011, the final conclusionwe have got were as follows:1. In2011, the total value of service function in forest ecosystem was69.61×108yuan, in which the value of direct physical was3.21×108yuan, direct service was0.62×108yuan, water conservation was43.17×108yuan, soil protection was9.6×108yuan, carbon fixation and oxygen release was2.24×108yuan, air purification was0.35×108yuan, and the biodiversity protection was10.42×108yuan, which arelisted in descending order: water conversation value＞biodiversity protection value＞soil protection value＞the direct values of extractive goods value＞carbon fixationand oxygen release value＞direct values of non-extractive service value＞airpurification value.2. The direct and indirect use economic benefits were3.83×108yuan and65.78×108yuan in2011, and they accounted for5.50%and94.50%of the total valuerespectively, the latter was17.17times of the former. The indirect use value offorestry resource in Diebu County is obviously higher than the direct use value. Thedata we got illustrated that forest ecosystem could brought indirect use value at thesame time, and the contribution of indirect use value of forest ecosystem service madefor us was more significant than object products value.3. The valuation of water conversation was the highest among the evaluation offorest ecosystem services in Diebu County in2011, which accounted for62.02%ofthe total value. It was because Diebu County was located in the alpine and canyonregion where at upstream of Bailong River, due to the special geographic position,therefore, the main function of forest ecosystem in that area is water conservation andsoil protection.4. The forest by-product and tourism resources were rich in Diebu County,however they only accounted for0.42%and0.89%of total value respectively. Underthis condition, we suggest that we should set no-damage for ecological environment function of forest resources as premise, and then we could make rational use of forestresources, developing understory planting industry and animal industry in forests,increase the production and development for the forest by-product appropriately, anddevelop the ecological tourism of forest positively. |
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