The Regulating In The Ephedrine Metabolic Pathway Of Ephedra Cell And The Study In Ephedra The Anatomical And Physiological Characteristics

Taking Ephedra as explants in the cell level the callus inducing from different explants, the best callus cultural condition for producing Ephedrine,the transforming of cell amount rising rate,cell shape, Ephedrine content and in the plant level five Ephedra species difference in the plant shape,Pn, anatomizing structure and Ephedrine content were studied.The results showed that :1.The best explant was the infancy stem just pullulating from E. Sinica Stapf seed while the second was the infancy stem just shooting up when different explants were induced.2.The callus producing wasn't affected by the low concentration ex-materia;on the contrary,callus growing was advanced by NaNO2 and NaCl.The red light was the best light and the worst were green and yellow light for culturing callus.Callus Ephedrine content was promoted with 20mg/LTry,60mg/LMet,50mg/L Phe and red light while it was reduced by NaNO2 and NaCl.Suming up,high Ephedrine yield could be gained culturing callus with with 20mg/LTry,60mg/LMet,50mg/L Phe and red light.3.The callus production and Ephedrine content were best in the red light,but weren't so optimal,and did not present double effect when calli were crossover cultured with with 20mg/LTry,60mg/LMet,50mg/L Phe and red light.4.Between the callus growth periods the calli grew slowly in 0～24d,fast in 24～48d and mainly depended on autotrophy in 0～24d as it was mainly heterotrophy.The peak of Ephedrine production appeared between 20～28d under the red light, under the blue light between 20～36d,under the rest three lights between 28～44d.5. Between the callus growth periods there were great transforms on the calli,from green to yellow to brown,from wet to dry,from tightness to lossenness;the cell shape also changed from strip to ellipse to egg rotundity to rotundity then changed back to strip step by step.6. Photosynthetic capacity of four ephedra species compared : Ephedra equisetina> Ephedra sinica> Ephedra intermedia> Ephedra przewal skii stapf.7. Those special structures, such as having bulging ridges and stomatal invagination in the stem surface, vascular-like tissue appearing in the cuticle of the stem and crystals exsisting in the parenchyma cells, which were evolved to adapt special environments, make ephedra to be capable of resisting to drought, salty and alkali and sand of storm, etc. Moguo Mahuang, which had more quantities of fiber and ridges, lower frequency and opening degree of stoma and smaller proportion of pith cavity area to pith area, had greater resisitance and was proved having further genetic relationship with the other four varieties.8.Ephedrine content of five ephedra species compared: Ephedra equisetina> Ephedra sinica> Ephedra intermedia> Ephedra rhytidosperma >Ephedra przewal skii stapf.