| The breeding of the long ear alfalfa strain by using individual repeated selection method, good individuals more than 8cm ear length were selected, and then through cutting propagation for establishing clones to get seeds, finally performing variety comparison,research of nutritional value and genetic diversity by ISSR molecular markers.The results of variety comparison tests showed that: the growth stages of the long ear alfalfa strain was the same with the contrasts Defl and Gannong No.1,but in other aspects such as Plant height,culm thick,internode length,branch numbers,stem-leaf ratio,the long ear alfalfa strain had better results than Defl and Gannong No.1,only the ratio of fresh and dry less than Gannong No.1. Plant-type structure and regrowth Characteristic of Long Ear Alfalfa are better than Defl and Gannong No.1. There are better grass yield and seed yield except in thousand-seed weight than Defl and Gannong No.1. We took statistic analysis based on the research about quantity characteristics, ear length,flowers, number of pod and seeds of the Long Ear, the results showed that: there was a normal distribution pattern between each factor and it′s frequency. The results of variance analysis for the related characters of Defy , Gannong No.1 and Length Ear showed that each character of Long Ear Alfalfa including ear length, flowers, number of pod and Seeds was very significant (p<0.01) to the same character of Gannong No.1 or Defy. The correlation of 8 agronomic characters in alfalfa, The results indicated that between hey yield and S/L, plant height , culm thick , internode length , leaf area, branch numbers and F/D r=0.9510 , 0.8082, 0.6251, 0.5929, 0.2105, 0.375,0.1684, and -0.8353, respectively. The correlation coefficient of agronomic characters related with the yield of seeds are ear length, number of pod , flowers per ear, seeds per plant, seeds per ear, plant height , internode length , culm thick ,early maturing,Inflorescences per plant, Fructifications per plant, and thousand grain weight. r=0.95, 0.92, 0.91, 0.89, 0.84, 0.81, 0.77, 0.73, 0.59, 0.54, 0.03, -0.09, -0.96, respectively. Analysis on quality characteristics of different alfalfa varieties showed that dynamic trend of nutritional concentrations in developing process among different cuttings was nearly identical. There existed significant quality difference among different alfalfa varieties and different developing stages in the first cutting (P<0.01). Dynamic content of CP,EE,CASH,and P except in ADF,NDF,NFF and Ca is rises gradually. On the initial flowering stage, the CP(18.90%),ADF(28.40%) and CASH (9.26%) content of Long ear alfalfa is between Defl and Gannong NO. 1; the EE(2.03%),and Ca (1.22%) content of Long ear alfalfa is less than both Defl and Gannong NO. 1; the NDF(40.67%),NFE(35.68%) and P(0.25%) content of Long ear alfalfa is higher than both Defl and Gannong NO. 1, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). Analysis on dynamic trend of nutritional material and grass yield showed from initial bloom to beginning bloom was the suitable time for alfalfa cutting because of higher yields and better quality of alfalfa can be gained at this time.ISSR assessment of genetic variations in 26 materials of Alfalfa was carried out. Seven primers were screened from 30 arbitrary primers ,and a total of 39 DNA bands were amplified,among which 33 (84.6%) were polymorphic, and the average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 5.6. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.45 to 0.83,but the polymorphic information content (PIC) about 19 materials of Long Ear ranged from 0.50 to 0.83. The average genetic similarity coefficient about 26 materials ranged from 0.2774 to 0.6296.Based on UPGMA cluster analysis of 39 DNA bands amplified by 7 primers a DNA molecular dendrogram was established,which divided the 26 materials into two groups.The purpose about some capabilities of long ear alfalfa is in order to provide scientific basis for new variety breeding.
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