Study On The Difference Between Adventitious Organogenesis And Somatic Organogenesis Of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) In Vitro Plants

Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) is a very important vegetable and medicinal plant, which is mainly propagated by vegetations. It has low coefficient of multiplying venturing the possibility of transmission of virus disease which can result in a decrease of yield and quality of bulbs during propagation of garlic. It can not only remove virus disease of garlic but also increase coefficient of multiplying and modify ways of propagation of garlic by tissue culture technology.There are two methods to remove virus disease of garlic by tissue culture technology: adventitious organogenesis and somatic organogenesis. Both of them have being in-depth studied, and have obtained very good results. However, these studies are relatively independent, focusing only on one organogenesis, and the data is not comparable with each other.Using the different varieties of regenerated garlic plants from adventitious organogenesis and somatic organogenesis as test material, we study the difference between shoots, bulb and the bulb product. The results are as follows:1. The buds that regenerated from rachis of garlic cultured in vitro were adventitious buds which were from direct organogenesis way, belong to externally originate. The adventitious buds came of the cortex parenchyma cells which around the side of phloem in bundle tissues. After dedifferentiation, the cortex parenchyma cells differentiated into some meristemoid and became shoot apical meristem, then formed leaf primordia. The adventitious buds and the vegetative buds that naturally formed generated in the same part. After rooted, adventitious buds can be effective plants, but 90.56% of which would formatted bulb if subculture period over 21d.2. Garlic embryonic callus have smooth surface and easily dispersed oval granule, and have more than one consecutive meristematic centers; The non-embryonic callus have strumae, and don't have consecutive meristematic centers. Soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of embryonic callus are higher than that of non-embryonic callus, but the free amino acid content of embryonic callus is lower than that of non-embryonic callus. The activities of three antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) in embryogenic callus are obviously higher than that in non-embryogenic callus.3. The shoots from callus tissue culture and somatic organogenesis have higher coefficient, up to 9.27-20.11. The directly adventitious organogenesis has higher bulb formation rate, which is 20.11%-43.55%; while the callus tissue culture and somatic organogenesis are lower than 15% of which. The bulb from directly adventitious organogenesis has the largest fresh weight and germination rate, reaching 32.65mg-37.83 mg and 46.97%-57.91%, respectively. The transplanting survival rate of shoots that from directly adventitious organogenesis is the hightest, at 48.33%-94.38%; while which from callus tissue culture is the lowest, only 20.00%-28.19%. The bulb products from directly adventitious organogenesis have the largest fresh weight, up to 0.76 g; which from callus tissue culture was the smallest, only 0.29 g.