Study On Genetic Diversity Of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Germplasm Resource

The garlic is more than 9.6 million mu of cultivated area in China which accounted for more than 85% of the world's garlic cultivation every year. The garlic is one of the main export vegetables in our country, its annual exports reach to 2.56 million tons which accounting for 81.2% of the world's export proportion. With the deep development of garlic industry, the garlic germplasm innovation and new variety breeding problems have been emphasized in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the garlic germplasm resources evaluation by agronomy traits and molecular biology identification technology. Furthermore, we find the nutrition index difference between the wild and common garlic and the metabolites diversity between southern Europe garlic and common garlic. The characterization of the differentiation between different varieties of garlic will be important for the garlic germplasm innovation. Major progresses of this research are described as follows:1. The main agronomic traits of garlic were multiple, and the variation coefficient was 13.6 ~ 44.4%, of which the yield per plant variation coefficient was 44.4%, which illustrate the genetic diversity of garlic was abundant although it was clonal plants. Different varieties of garlic had obvious different quality index, for instance the highest allicin content was Zhaosu liubanhong garlic, the lowest was Xinxiang baipi garlic.2. Varieties based on Nei's genetic diversity index and Shannon information index analysis showed that the garlic is asexual reproduction plant, but has a certain genetic diversity. According to the result of the genetic similarity coefficient and UPGMA cluster analysis, garlic germplasm genetic diversity are greatly influenced by geographical source. Genetic diversity analysis between groups showed that the genetic diversity of domestic group is higher than the foreign groups, Shannon information index of domestic group was slightly larger than foreign groups. The group of east China had the highest Shannon information index and abundant genetic diversity.3. We used LC- MS and GC- MS to measure different metabolites of southern Europe garlic, Jinxiang garlic and Cangshan garlic. We found that Lecucine, Galactose, Glucose, 2, 3- Dihydroxybutanedioic acid and Glucose- 6- phosphate, Fructose- 6- phosphate, Arabitol and Citric acid can be used as indicator to separate them.4. By comparing the Wild garlic with Cangshan garlic and Jinxiang garlic on differences of nutrition composition and morphological index. The test results show that the Wild garlic, on average, single head fresh weight and free amino acid content significantly lower than the feature of Jinxiang garlic and Cangshan garlic, but wild allicin in garlic bulbs, soluble protein and vitamin C content were higher. In general the agronomic traits of Wild garlic were quite weaker than Cangshan garlic and Jinxiang garlic.