An Empirical Research On Grassland Use Patterns In Xilinguole League: A Case Study On Xilinhaote And Abaga

Since 1947, forms of operation of pasture animal husbandry more and more change from Livestock Tour to the coexistence of nomadic and settled, and then the development will be emesis life in Xilinguole league, Inner Mongolia. In this change process, the living standards of pastoralists improved gradually. However, this change has brought irreparable destruction of the ecological environment; thereby it will threaten the sustainable development of animal husbandry.In this paper, according to the characteristics of grazing systems of grassland animal husbandry which change from Livestock Tour to emesis, the author chosen Abaga and Xilinhaote in Xilinguole league to study. During 2006～2008, The author randomly selected 290 herdsmen from 14 villages by computer in these study areas , and carried out follow-up survey in three years. Finally, an empirical research is provided for the process of operation methods of grassland animal husbandry and affecting factors about 143 effective samples.The results show that: main reasons of ecological environment destruction in the pastoral area are exploitation of mineral resources, population growth in pastoral areas and the increase in the number of livestock. In different historical development stages of Xilinguole League, the influence degree of these factors above all on the local economy, ecology, and society is different. In the Collective Economy Period before 1983, the population is growing rapidly, but herdsmen didn't obtain genuine management rights, the number of livestock didn't increase and the policy how to speed up resource development didn't carry out. So there is not obvious damage to pasture. After the implementation of household contracting, the enthusiasm of independent management raised, the number of livestock increased steadily and rapidly, living standard of herdsmen improved year by year. However, the implementation of Pasture Contract Responsibility System was not timely when the value of livestock monetized, the problem of overgrazing serious year by year. The implementary degree of mineral resources development policies expedited, so the area of grassland that each herdsman manage reduced gradually, these current situations induced and aggravated grassland degradation.The metering results show: there are two factors which influence herdsmen to choose management mode, they are the area of grassland and the cost of steppe netting.To avoid disadvantages of nomadic and ecesis and give play to their respective advantages are the only way of sustainable development of pastoral livestock industry.