Studies On Phenological Phase And Physiological Characteristics Of Flowering And Fruiting To Hybrid Hazel

In this paper, three varieties of hybrid hazel were used for the test material, by use of mapping, analysis of variance and other means, the different species of flowering phenology are observed, the different species of pollen viability are appraised; different species of male inflorescence, pollen and fruit trait indicators are analyzed. We have also studied the growth process of fruit and kernel, and measured carbohydrate and soluble protein contents in leaves and fruit buds of different hybrid hazels in the fruit development process. We analyzed the main nutrient substance and regularity for change in kernel development process.1. By comparison with corylus heterophylla, the study shows that:(1) the flowering phenology of three species of hybrid haze are different, the hybrid hazel of 84-545 has the latest male and female blossom. The loose powder period of male flower is earlier than female flower, female flower could accept pollen to be fertilized in 2～4 days.(2) Both stored time and culture medium effect on Pollen Viability of hybrid haze significantly. For the fresh pollen, 10% of sugar + 2% of solid agar culture medium is optimum for pollen bourgeoning. If it is under the condition of the low temperature (4℃), dryness (the content of water is less than 4%), the pollen germination rate will decline sharply after 10 days, and the rate will be only 1.73 ~ 1.86% after 30 days.(3) The species of hybrid hazel are significanfly different, such as the length and diameter of male inflorescence, the pollen volume of single plant, the number of fruit bract, the size of nuts. The male inflorescence of hybrid hazel 84-545 is long, and its pollen volume of single plant is least, 33.62 g, which is little more than corylus heterophylla, it has the longest pollen polar axis and equatorial axis, the most flat pollen, and low germination rate. Each female flower of hybrid hazel 84-545 can form 1 to 6 inflorescences, its nuts are partially filled, the kernel productivity rate is low. The male inflorescence of hybrid hazel 81-19 is thick and short, its pollen volume of single plant is most, 58.77g, it has the pollen polar axis and equatorial axis, the most flat pollen, and highest germination rate, 68.85%. Each female flower can form 1 to 2 fruit bracts, its nuts are largest and heaviest. hybrid hazel 84-254 in the middle.We Integrated these indicators to judge the characters strength order, as follows: hybrid hazel 81-19> hybrid hazel 84-254> hybrid hazel 84-545. 2. The growth processes of both of nuts and kernel of hybrid hazel show a clear S-type changes. Although they are different in growth speed and development process, the growth trends are almost the same, the growth trend of different varieties of kernels is more similar than nuts.3. In the development process of kernel, there are the same trend of sugar, starch and soluble protein in the three species of leaf and fruit bract, it showed a "high - low - high - low" trend, that is to say the content decreases slightly in the early development of kernel, then it rises, after reaching the maximum it declines. The maximum value of the every indicator of the leaf appeared in the later stages of kernel development (July 20th), The maximum value of the every indicator of the fruit bract appeared at the end of kernel development (July 30th). Both the existence of "source-sink relationship". It can be seen that lower contents of sugar, starch and soluble protein in the leaves and fruit bracts are conducive to development of kernel, and the accumulation of sugar, starch and soluble protein in the leaves and fruit bracts is conducive to the formation of quality.4. In the mature kernel of hybrid hazel, the carbohydrate is 14.4%, the protein is 20.3%,thecrude fat is 55.05%. In kernel development process, the main carbohydrates are sucrose, fructose and starch, the most important of the five kinds of fatty acids are Oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid and arachidic acid, the major nutrients in the kernel are changing with the its development process, different characteristics could be seen. The soluble sugar content increases after reducing, the starch content declines after rising, there is a trade-off relationship between the soluble sugar and the starch content; The soluble protein content is gradually increasing; The content of fatty acids of different species are different, the changes are complex. With the development of kernel, the content of saturated fatty acid is decreasing, while the content of unsaturated fatty acid increases significantly.