Effects Of NPK Fertilizer Application On The Growth Of Maize And Wheat And Temporal And Spatial Nutrient Distribution In Soil

The reasonable fertilization has important significance on improving corn high production and high efficiency. This paper use the method of the combination of field experiment and laboratory analysis, studies the effects of fertilizer application on the development of maize and wheat ,the contribution rate of the soil nutrient and temporal and spatial distribution of soil nutrient in Huannadian village of Ningjin.1. Available nitrogen gets the highest in wheat jointing stage (58d after maize seeding), then decreased gradually.[ available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased] Available phosphorus and available potassium always decreases, the least is at the harvest period. The deeper the soil is, the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium less. There is an enrichment layer of available nitrogen and available potassium in the depth of 50-70cm.2. The 1000-grain weight, spike numbers, grains per spike. and yield of wheat were increased by NPK fertilizer. The reasonable fertilization of NPK significantly increases the yield of wheat , the scope of wheat increasing in yield were 16.6%—38.7%, the analysis on the increasing rate and profit of wheat showed that N₂P₂K₂ was the best treatment. When the content of N,P₂O₅,K₂O were229.1,140.8,147.3kg/hm²,the highest yield of wheat was 8782.8kg /hm². The reasonable fertilization of NPK significantly increases the yield of maize, the scope of maize increasing in yield were 18%—54.7%, the analysis on the increasing rate and profit showed that N₂P₂K₂ was the best treatment. When the content of N,P₂O₅,K₂O were 236.6,96.1,177.4kg/hm²,the highest yield of wheat was 11237.5kg /hm². The analysis on the increasing rate and profit of maize showed that N₂P₂K₂ was the best treatment.3. At the same sampling time, compared with N0P0K0 treatment, applying N (P)fertilizer increased the dry weight of root, dry weight and N(P) in each organ, such as stalk, leaves, seed, ear axis and even whole plant. In the fertilizer treatments, the above index of each organ all shaped"S"along with N(P) fertilizer, and the N₂P₂K₂ treatment was the highest because it's ear length, seed number per line and seed weight per plant were significantly enhanced, but the bald length of ear was decreased. Among the different sampling time with maize growth, the dry weight and N(P) in some organs, such as seed and whole plant, were increased until the maturity stage, in others shaped"S". There were significant conic relations between dry weight or N(P) and days after seedling under different N(P) levels. The same significant conic relation was represented between yield of maize and N(P) fertilizer amount.4. In maize season, the amount of soil N supply increased 3.9% by combined, application of PK; the amount of soil P supply increased 10.9% by combined application of NK and the amount of soil K supply increased 34.3% by combined application of NP all compared with CK; in wheat season , the amount of soil N supply increased 8.1% by combined application of PK and the amount of soil P supply increased 8.8% by combined application of NK and the amount of soil K supply increased 11.6% by combined application of NP all compared with CK. It showed that combined application of any two elements was beneficial to absorb the third nutrient.In maize season, the contribution rate of the soil NPK were 76.4%,82.8%,87.2%, The next season , contribution rate of the soil were 8.4%,84%,85.6%. the results showed that N,P,K in soil could not make the crop get the high yield ,it needed more from fertilizer.5.The NPK fertilizer utilization coefficient were 29.9%,22.2%,23.7% in maize season, the calculation results showed that applying fertilizer was profit for crop to absorb more nutrient, significantly increased the yield of maize. In wheat season, The NP fertilizer utilization coefficient were 16.7% and 23.1%,lower than usual,but the K fertilizer utilization coefficient was 34.9%,reach normal level.