Study On Bamboo-shoot Pests Of Phyllostachys Praecox And Control Techniques In Deqing County

Zhaoyuanzhu bamboo(ZYZ,Phyllostachys praecox) is a popular cultivar species in Zhejiang province,The bamboo cultured over 30,000 ha over the province.Deqing, Linan and Yuhang counties are the major cultured areas.The culture,control of disease and pest,physiology and ecology of the bamboo have been studied in domestic an abroad,but few studies is down in the bamboo pests in shooting period,especially the underground pest. This project focused on the occurrence of the pests in the bamboo shooting period,to make out scientific measures for pest control,ensuring the food security of bamboo shoot products.We investigated the occurrence of bamboo pests in shooting period,and researched on the biological characteristics of the major pests and developed control techniques.The results is reported as follows:1.Bamboo pests of 4 orders 8 families 16 pest species were found in ZYZ,the pest species and damage in bamboo-shoot period were listed in the thesis.In all the pests, Elaterid,Noctuid and Aphid caused the most damage,weevils,flies and grubs caused damage in partial area.In 2004,the the bamboo shoots damage area was of 10,200 hm~2,in which Elaterid caused damage in 4,900 hm~2,the moderate extent area was 3,000 hm~2;The damage area by Noctuid was 1,600 hm~2,and the moderate extent area was 870 hm~2;The damage area of weevil was 1,500 hm~2,and the moderate extent area was 300 hm~2。2.Bamboo pests Melanotus cribricollis(Faldermann),Chiagosnius sulcicolis (Candeze),Otidognathus sp.,Apamea kumaso(Sugi) and aphids were listed as major targets of control.The biology characteristics of these pests was studied in lab and monitored in the fields.Melanotus cribricollis(Faldermann) occurred one generation every 4-5 years,the adults and larvae in every stage can live over winter,and they can feed through the whole year in the land covered bamboo forest as the ground temperature elevated.The egg hatching period is 8d-14d,the period of live stage is related with temperature,the environmental humidity and soil.The larvae damage mainly occurred in the middle/last ten days of April,in accordance with bamboo-shoot flourishing period;the adult emerging in the soil and out of the land mostly in the middle ten days of May.It is influenced by the rainfall and the drop of the temperature evidently.Chiagosnius sulcicolis(Candeze) occurred one generation every 3-4years.The main biological characteristics of each stage were similar with Melanotus cribricollis(Faldermann).Otidognathus sp.occurred one generation each year,and lived over winter with adult,the emerge time was related tightly with soil and temperature.They mostly caused damage on bamboo shoot in the late period. Apamea kumaso(Sugi) occurred one generation every year,started to damage bamboo shoot in early April,and flourished from the middle ten days of April to the middle ten days of May.The larvae feed on bamboo shoots,moved up with the growth of the bamboo shoot, and pupated underground after matured.Aphids occurred many generations every year, mainly damage the bamboo leaf,but in recent years its damage of the bamboo shoot and influenced the development of bamboo leaves and twigs.3.The field tests of pesticides selection for control of Elateridae,Apamea kumaso(Sugi) and aphids were conducted.The results shows that when controlling larva of Elateridae with oil camellia clinker(OCC),the damage reduce rate in covered bamboo forest and normal bamboo forest reached 86%and 62%respectively;while used 3%Hudijin G,the larvae population would reduced 62%and 100%respectively.If used plant-origin and biology-origin bamboo-shoot organic fertilizers to control the Elateridae,population density reduce rate respectively reached 65.8%和76.1%,and revised effects were 57.2%and 70.1%,which are of applied value in the practice.The damage of Apamea kumaso(Sugi) can be effectively reduced by clearing damaged bamboo shoots and weeds in bamboo forest,the reduction rate of damaged plants can reach 70.1%and revised effect can be 68.2%.the control effect can be good if spray abamectin or smear stalk with Imidacloprid.Imidacloprid can also be used to spray for control aphids on the bamboo shoot.4.In conclusion,the major techniques of pest control including natural enemy protection,keeping pest in low density;take culture measures,such as enhance the management of the bamboo forest,plough over soils deeply,clearing up damaged bamboo-shoot and weeds,use cover technique in turn;physical measures like light trapping. Chemical control can be used when pest population heavily increased,and low toxic pesticides or bio-pesticides can be used.According to the practice,A calendar for pest control in bamboo-shoot period was made.