Analysis Of Genetic Diversity And Origin Of Chinese Game Chickens

With especial phenotype, the game chicken was one of the abundant fowl genetic resources in our state and different from other domestic chickens in the breeding history, background and purposes. There were mainly 5 game chickens in China including Turpan game, Xishuangbanna game, Luxi game,Henan game and Zhangzhou game which located in Shandong, Xinjiang, Henan, Yunnan and Fujian separately. The genetic diversity and genetic distances of those 5 game chickens was checked and analyzed by microsatellite markers and mtDNA cyt b and the origin of them was discussed in this study.1 The genetic polymorphisms of 27 microsatellite of the 5 breeds were studied to reveal the genetic differentiation of 5 Chinese game chicken breeds. Mean heterozygsity, polymorphism information content,mean effective number of allele and genetic distance were calculated for each breed and a dendrogram was obtained based on genetic distance. The results showed that the genetic distance between Zhangzhou and Turpan was the farthest(0.516) and that between the Luxi and Xishuangbanna was the nearest (0.206). The mean heterozygousitv in Xishuangbanna breed was the highest(0.662) and that in Henan was the lowest(0.532).The dendrogram showed that Xishuangbanna and Turpan were the descendent of Luxi,which was the reason that the genetic distance among them was closer.The genetic distance between Zhangzhou and other game chickens were farther.2 A total of 535bp of mitochondrial cytb gene of five game chickens (40 individuals) was analyzied. There were 6 haplotpes found in the five breeds. The haplotype diversity was arranged from 0.42857 to 0.78571, and the nucleotide diversity was arranged from 0.00080 to 0.00654.There were richest genetic diversity in Zhangzhou game and lowest genetic diversity in Turpan game and Xishuangbanna game. The genetic distance between the Zhangzhou game and other game chickens were farther. The 40 sequences compared to that of red jungle issued in GeneBank and phylogenetic trees for the chickens constructed based on the haplotypes. The result indicated that the Chinese game chicken may originated from several subspecies of red jungle.