The Adaptability Comparison Of Several Forages Under Cinnamomum Camphora

The Silvipastoral system is a grassland agricultural system which organically combined forestry and grassland on same land management unit,can give human ecological service.Cinnamomum camphora were largely planted in east China,this research mainly focuses on selecting grasses which can be planted,cut,or grazed under forest,then provided foundation and mode for establishing a kind of grassland agricultural system which including ecology and production.Three kind of canopies chose in Cinnamomum camphora forest,including no shading,middle(canopy was 0.3～0.4)and high canopy(canopy was 0.5～0.6),and Festuca arundinacea Schreb.Dactylis glomerata L.Paspalum notatum Flugge Cynodon dactylon and Medicago sativa were planted under canopy,management including non-using and different stocking densities,then growth,photosynthesis and nutrition elements were measured respectively in order to comparing grass adaptability.Research result indicated as follows.①Under different canopies,the change of solar radiation intensity,air temperature and soil temperature all presented a result of no shading > middle canopy > high canopy,and the change rule of relative humidity of air just opposite to solar radiation intensity,air temperature and soil temperature.②The height,tillering and biomass of Dactylis glomerata L.showed a more significant superiority than the other forages,next is Festuca arundinacea Schreb..In all grow seasons,under middle canopy,average height of Dactylis glomerata L.was higher than that of Festuca arundinacea Schreb.Dactylis glomerata L.Paspalum notatum Flugge Cynodon dactylon and Medicago sativa -20.38%(thus lower than Festuca arundinacea Schreb.),119.35%,58.01%and 21.26%respectively;tillering was higher than that 16.31%,171.35%,341.43%and 203.93%,biomass was higher than that 23.42%,184.00%,82.84%and 40.02%;under high canopy,average height of Dactylis glomerata L.was higher than that of Festuca arundinacea Schreb.Dactylis glomerata L.Paspalum notatum Flugge Cynodon dactylon and Medicago sativa21.32%,60.84%,112.17%and 132.93%respectively;tillering was higher than that 12.80%,674.32%,707.34%and 768.18%,biomass was higher than that 77.84%,319.85%,407.48%and 535.09%.③Under non-grazing condition,the photosynthetic rates of Festuca arundinacea Schreb.Dactylis glomerata L.and Paspalum notatum Flugge were present photosynthetic midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00,but it present a single peak curve under shading condition;but Festuca arundinacea Schreb.had a opposite phenomena.Under two shading environment,the photosynthetic rates of Festuca arundinacea Schreb.was higher than other two grasses.Chlorophyll and carrot content of three grasses present a tendency of Dactylis glomerata L.> Festuca arundinacea Schreb.> Paspalum notatum Flugge;but value of Chlorophyll a/b present a opposite tendency.④Under grazing condition and same canopy,height,density and biomass of Festuca arundinacea Schreb.were highest,next was Paspalum notatum Flugge, Paspalum notatum Flugge Cynodon dactylon and Medicago sativa were lowest. Moderated grazing,biomass of grasses present a tendency that same as non-grazing or even higher than that,thus,grasses present a equal-compensatory growth or over-compensatory growth phenomenon.⑤Under same grazing density,grass height decreased as light condition decreased,but standing crop was middle canopy>no shading>high canopy,regrowth biomass and net primary production present a tendency of middle canopy>high canopy>no shading.⑥Under same grazing density,soil water content and soil PH value all were increased as light condition decreased,but soil bulk density and soil temperature had a opposite tendency.Under same canopy,soil temperature and soil bulk density increased as stocking density increased,but soil PH value and soil water content decreased.We can educed a result from this research finally:middle canopy was best for grasses to grow,Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea Schreb.were the best forages can be chosen to grow under canopy,and appropriate grazing density was about 22.2goats/hm~2.