A Comparative Study On High Yield Cultivation With Various Modes Of Raising Rice

The experiment was conducted in experimental farmland of Yangzhou university in 2008 with WuJing 15 and ChangYou 1 hao. The soil was sandy loam. The soil fertilizer was above the medium level ( the output of the pre-planted wheat was 450kg/666.7m2). Manual transplantion,mechanical transplanting and direct-seeding were established to contrast systemically the difference of yielding component, growth characteristics, dry matters production and accumulation, rule of N absorbing and using, The result showed as follows:1. Different cultivated ways in wheat and rape stubble fields had great effect on the growth duration of rice. The growth duration of manual transplantation was the longest, mechanical transplantion took the second place. The shorting of the whole growth period mainly displayed in the shorting of vegetative growth phase which appeared before jointing. The sowing dates of direct seeding rice and mechanical transplantating were later than general manual transplanting rice,so the vegetative growth phase reduced greatly with the delaying of maturity date, the whole growth period was shortened significantly so that it couldnot use the effective rice season and temperature-light resources fully.The sequence of grain yielding was manual transplantation>mechanical transplantation>direct seeding way.2,Different cultivated ways to WuJing15 and ChangYou 1 hao had great effect on the yielding. Two cultivars's output performance were consistent which was manual transplantation>mechanical transplantation>direct seeding way. All these achieved super-high yielding level. Comparing to the direct seeding way, manual transplantation and mechanical transplantation had a big production increase superiority to realize the high production quite stably.High population spikelets and normal seed setting were the major reasons of the super-high yield of manual transplantation. However, the population spikelets of mechanical transplantation and direct seeding way were not enough. Manual transplanting rice had enough panicles and grains per-panicle,mechanical transplantating rice and direct seeding grain per-panicle were less significantly than manual transplantation.So, breeding big panicle based enough number of panicle was the major way to achieve super-high yielding.3,The number of seedling of manual transplantion increased quickly in prophase and moderate which achieved enough panicles in N-n. The peak of tillers was 1.3-1.4 times than panicles in jointing stage, and anticipative panicles appeared in heading stage, above 75%. The tiller of mechanical transplantion increased more quickly than manual transplantion, the high peak seedling was 1.5 times, and then decreased more quickly. Although the final panicle number was slightly higher, the spike rate was low, about 70%. Compared with manual transplantion and mechanical transplantion, the basic seedling number of direct seeding rice was higher and last longer, so the high peak seedling was the highest. After then the tiller of direct seeding rice decreased more quickly and had the lowest spike rate, about 60%. Although the spike rate was low, the scope of high peak seedling growing was big, spike numbers still obviously was the highest.4. The LAI of manual transplanting rice increased quickly in prophase, about 4.0 in elongation stage. The increased number of LAI was large and the max LAI appeared in booting stage which was above 7.9; The reduction of LAI was slow after heading stage, non-pre-senescence, LAI was about 3.2 in mature stage. The LAI of mechanical transplanting rice increased slowly in prophase, quickly in the middle, and the max LAI was larger than manual transplantation, above 8.0. The LAI decreased quicker after heading stage, was about 3.0 in mature stage. Direct seeding rice which had larger number and smaller leaves increased as a straight line, the max LAI appeared in booting stage, about 8.0. After heading date the reduction of LAI was the most quickly, about 3.0 in mature stage.Grain leaf ratio was the comprehensive physiological index which weighed source-sink coordinated level. The sequence of grain leaf ratio was mechanical transplantion>manual transplantion>direct seeding. Two variety performance were consistent. Obviously, manual transplantion not only had a big source and strong sink but also source-sink coordination was good.5,The sequence of the plant height,stem length,spike length of manual transplanting rice was manual transplantion>mechanical transplantion>direct seeding way; the height of internode of dao1 leaf and dao 2 leaf of manual transplantion was the longest which shorter than mechanical transplantion, direct seeding; The proportion internode length below spike occupied was direct seeding way > mechanical transplantion>manual transplantion. The internode length below spike occupied plant height 32%-35% under super-high yielding cultivation studied by huangzufang. The proportion couldnot be excessively high, but ratio of direct seeding rice was too high, about 37%. Therefore, its production level was relatively low.6,Different cultivated ways had great effect on the production of population dry matters. The total dry matters of manual transplantion was max, and mechanical transplantion was next, and the difference reached significant level. Direct seeding way's dry matters accumulation concentrated on middle and later stage, which occupied the total biomass 40%; Mechanical transplantion were middle stage; Direct seeding way concentrated on former and middle stage. Therefore, decreasing dry matters in prophase probably and increasing dry matters in middle or later stage could achieve super-high yielding.7,Different ways had great effect on the rule of adsorbing Nitrogen. The total N of population, the rate of N in mature stage, N use efficiency and productive efficiency of manual transplantion were max among three cultivated ways. The difference of nitrogen accumulation amount was a substantial clause to cause yield difference.8,The manual transplantion could achieve super-high yielding efficiently, though studying on yield content, leaf and tiller trends, dry matters accumulation and N absorbing and using under different cultivated ways. It made population achieve anticipative panicles in N-n stage, trough probable numbers of seedling in transplanting stage. It made tiller peak 1.3-1.4 more than anticipative panicles, though stopping giving water in achieving 80% anticipative panicles. It used panicle fertilizer in dao4 and dao3 leaf in order to achieve strong tillers and big panicles. It enhanced population in later stage in order to achieve high grain fertility depending on strong tillers, big panicles and high effective leaves in middle stage.