| Rule of grain yield components and dry matters production and accumulation were studied on three types of populations (High Yield: 550-650 kgï¹’667m-2; Higher Yield:650-750 kgï¹’667m-2; Super High Yield:>750 kgï¹’667m-2), which were from Changshu, Rudong,, Xinghua and Donghai using four Japonica super rice (Wujing15, Huaidao9, Xudao3 and Changyou1) as material in 2005-2006. At the same time, the cultivation modle of super-high yielding in regime of nitrogen fertilizer was studied using Wujing15 and Changyou1 as material in the University of Yangzhou, whose mechanism of enreaching yield and efficiency was studied in 2007-2008. In 2009, the cultivation modle of super-high yielding in rational population was studied using Wujing15 and Yongyou8 at Yangzhou and Haian. The results show:1. Rule of grain yield components in super-high yielding riceSuper-high-yield rice had more population spikelets than the high-yield rice and higher-yield rice (The difference among them was significant.). There was no significant difference in filled-grain and 1000-grain weight among the grain yield of three types of populations. The relationship between the population spikelets and grain yielding was significant under safe maturity. In order to enlarge the population spikelets, it almost depended on enriching panicles from high-yield to higher-yield, and increasing spikelets per panicles was the major factor from higher-yield to super-high-yield. There was no significant difference in filling rate of sink among the grain yield of three types of populations, but the amount of actual filling of sink in super-high-yield rice was more than the high-yield rice and higher-yield rice under safe maturity. The character of super-high-yield rice is enriching the amount of actual filling of sink through keep normal filling rate of sink under forming safe and large sink made up of enough big panicles.2. Rule of dry matters production and accumulation in super-high riceYielding was significantly positive correlation with weight of dry matters at maturity and the number of dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, which parabolic related with weight of dry matters at heading in high yield, higher yield and super-high yield level. Weight of dry matter from jointing to heading was significantly positive correlation with its yield from high yield to higher yield and from higher yield to super-high yield. Super-high yield level had more biomass at maturity than higher yield and high yield level, whose harvest index was no significant more than higher yield, but was significant than high yield level.Weigh of dry matter, LAI in heading, ratio of leaf area of productive tillers, ratio of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf, spikelets of population and spikelets per cm2 leaf area in middle stage (from jointing to heading) were significantly more than higher yield and high yield. Leaf area decreasing per day of super-high yield from heading to maturity was significantly less than higher yield and high yield. LAD, CGR, NAR, biomass and grain-leaf ratio (filled grains per cm2 leaf area, grain weight per cm2 leaf area) from heading to maturity were significantly more than higher yield and high yield. Outputting, its ratio and translocation of super-high yield from heading to milky stage were significantly more than higher yield and high yield, which from heading to maturity were significantly less than higher yield and high yield. Weight per stem and sheath and total filling in maturity of super-high yield were significantly more than higher yield and high yield. Character of super-high yielding in Japonica super rice was: weight of dry matter in maturity was increased and higher harvested index was keep though achieve higher grain-leaf ratio and more weight of dry matter based on condign weight of dry matter before jointing and cooperated alimentation increasing with procreation increasing, which could increase weight of heading to maturity and assort with dry matter translocation.3. The cultivation modle of super-high yielding in rational population of stems and tillers at transplating.The yield of three foramens was ranking up to the level of super-high-yield in two varieties and two points. Comparing with CK, more spikelets per panicle and population spikelets were observed in the model of three foramens, with less panicles per unit area and roughly the same level offilled-grain percentage and 1000 grain weight.In the model of three foramens in comparison with CK, the population of stems and tillers achieved the expected number punctually at the critical leaf-age for productive tillers, and reached the peak with an appropriate value (1.3-1.4 folds of expected panicle number), then decreased gently, ultimately arriving at a significantly higher rate of productive tillers to total tillers than CK. Plants of three foramens models developed approximately the same population LAI dynamics and dynamic of stems and tillers, its maximal LAI appearing at the booting stage(8.0-8.5) and remained a level of 3.0-3.5 at the maturity stage.As for the population photosynthesis potential and the dry matter accumulation, the models of three foramens showed lower values than CK during the early stages (from transplantation through jointing stage), during the middle stages (from jointing through heading) it was roughly the same with CK, showing no statistical significance, and for the later stages in growth and development (from heading through maturity). The three foramens model developed a nearly dry weigh of roots as compare to CK at the stage of jointing, but it developed remarkably higher than CK at heading and maturity. A pattern of evidently higher values than CK in three foramens, was found in such parameters as the root-shoot ratio in the stages of jointing, heading and maturity, the average root exudates after heading (from heading through waxy stage), and the ratio of spikelets to root exudates.4. The cultivation modle of super-high yielding in regime of nitrogen fertilizerThe results revealed that the pivotal principle for super-high-yield cultivation of rice lies in'strengthening the supporting system, enlarging the sink capacity, and guaranteeing the grain-filling', and the super-high-yield cultivation mode was proposed, i.e. appropriate number of population stems and tillers with strong seedlings at early stage, high photosynthetic efficiency population structure with controlling ineffective tillers at middle stage, and enriched dry matter production with large panicles, strong stems, high efficiency leaves in proper population configuration at later stage.Its mechanism of enreaching yield and efficiency was: Population quality was enhanced at critical leaf-age for productive tillers through cultivating strong seedling, germinating low positiontiller and achieved expected No. of stems and tillers in time, which formed the biology foundation for high quality population at middle stage; In order to form high photosynthetic efficiency of population structure with strong lodging-resistant and large population spikeletes at heading, suitable No. of strong stems and large panicles was cultivated through suitable dynamic and size of population; In order to enlarge sink-filling and keep strength of stems and sheath, dry matters accumulation was enriched after heading through photosynthetic system smooth and steady fade away.
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