| Under the modern feeding styles,the existent environment of poultry is very bald. The chickens couldn't express their innately actions and behaviors and always were in stringent state, which broke their welfare seriously. Taking animal welfare as the point of view, this article synthesized the animal welfare level reliable indicator of both domestic and overseas, combining animal welfare and production, in order to investigating the influence of high ambient temperature on growth,welfare and meat quality of the broiler and control measures(ventilation and spray). The main results are as follows:The first experiment: the influence of high ambient temperature on growth,welfare and meat quality of the broiler.To simulate daily variation of summer high temperature with artificial chamber, 240 healthy AA broilers'of 21 days were allocated into two treatments, which including cyclic high temperature group (29℃～35℃) and optimum temperature group(the optimum temperature of the different growth periods:25℃～23℃), four replicates per treatment, 30 broilers per replicate. The results showed that:Comparing the optimum temperature group, the cyclic high temperature group:There was extremely significant decreased of Average Daily Feed Intake(P<0.01), Average Daily Gain (P<0.01), there were significantly increased of feed conversion ratio(P<0.05). There were not obviously difference of mortality(P>0.05), was rising trend.There was extremely significantly increased of the drinking time ( P<0. 01) . There were not obviously difference on the movement , standing, resting, decorating ,feeding, foraging, times and the Tonic Immobility duration (TI)( P>0. 05).The difference was extremely significant increased of the ratio of the"GS=0"(Gait scoring)and"FCS=1"(Feather conditions scoring)of broilers(P<0.01). There were not obviously difference of Fluctuanting Asymmetry(FA)( P>0. 05),But the value were growth.The difference was extremely significant increased of the broilers'body temperature and respiratory rate(P<0.01). There were not obviously difference of broiler blood pH(P>0.05).There were decreased significantly of carcass weight and yellownes(sP<0.05). There were increased significantly of Shear Stress(P<0.05).The difference was extremely significant decreased of the Percent of Breast Muscle and meat-pHi. (P<0.01) There were not obviously difference on Dressed Percentage, percentage of abdominal fat,meat-pHu, drip loss, cooking, redness, lightness.The second experiment: The effects of ventilation and spray on on growth,welfare and meat quality of the broiler in summer high temperature.The test started in summer(July～August). The place is Beijing. 216 healthy AA broilers'of 15 days were allocated into two treatments, which including experimental group (adding ventilation and spray) and high temperature group (without any measure), six replicates per treatment, 18 broilers per replicate. The results showed that:Comparing the high temperature group,the broilers with using ventilation and spray in house:There was extremely significant increased of the Average Daily Gain and the Average Daily Feed Intake (P<0.01) . There were not obviously difference of mortality and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05),But the both is downward trend.There was not obviously difference of the Tonic Immobility duration (TI) (P>0.05), and it is decreased.The difference was significant increased of the ratio of the"GS=0"and the synthesize Fluctuanting Asymmetry(FA) (P<0.05), There were not obviously difference of and Feather conditions scoring(FCS) (P>0.05),But the value of FA were growth.There were not obviously difference of Creatine Kinase(CK) activity and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH) activity(P>0.05), and it is increased.The difference was significant decreased of the broilers'body temperatur(eP<0.05). There were not obviously difference of respiratory rate and blood pH(P>0.05),but respiratory rate was decreased slightly though.The difference was extremely significant increased of carcass weight (P<0.01).The difference was significant decreased of Shear Stress(P<0.05). The difference was significant increased of Percent of Breast Muscle and inosinic acid (IMP) (P<0.05). There were not obviously difference of lightness, redness, yellowness, blood pH, meat-pHi, meat-pHu, drip loss, cooking, Intramuscular Fat (IMF), Dressed Percentage, percentage of abdominal fat(P>0.05).Conclusion: There were negative influences of daily variation of summer high temperature on growth, welfare, dressing percentage and meat production rate of broiler, however, which were improved by adding ventilation, spray and the other measures in broiler house. |
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