| Huangdan, Jinxuan and Fudingdabaicha (Camellia Sinensis) as control varieties, period of growth, characters of shoots, yield of fresh leaves, quality of made tea and environmental resistance of six Oolong tea varieties and nine green tea varieties were compared by regional experiments, which were respectively introduced from Taiwan province, Guangdong province, Guangxi province, Zhejiang province, Hunan province, etc. In order to appraise the values of these tea varieties scientifically, justly and objectively, and make a preliminary study on their physiology and genetics, the leaf photosynthesis rate was measured with a CID-301PS portable photosynthesis system and a molecular marker method named inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was used to detect the genetic diversities and relationships of tea germplasms. Thereby, new tea varieties of good quality, high benefit and strong resistance could be screened out to cultivate in Fujian province, which would optimize structures of tea varieties and tea products, generalize improved varieties in tea region, enhance product competitiveness in tea market, and promote industrialization and sustainable development of tea produce.The results of regional trials showed that the phonology of introduced Jinxuan was the latest one among all of Oolong tea varieties, and Huangdan was the earliest as a control variety. Compared with a control variety of green tea varieties Fudingdabaicha, the growth period of Guixiang 18 and Liubeixiang were later, and the growth period of Raoshanxiufeng, Wuyizao, Zhenong 139 were earlier.As far as the characters of shoots were concerned, , a bud with three leaves of Jinxuan, Baimao 2, Hongyan 7, Hongyan 9 and Hongyan 12 were longer and heavier, and the flushing densities of Jinxuan, Phoenix-huangzhixiangdancong, Hongyan 1 and Hongyan 12 were higher compared with Huangdan. When compared with Fudingdabaicha, Zhenong 117, Zhenong 139 and Maolv had the equal length but lower weight; the flushing densities of 81-8-30, Raoshanxiulv, Wuyizao and Zhenong 117 were obviously higher, but they were equal for Guixiang 22, Zhenong 139 and Maolv.The average net photosynthetic rate was 3.98μmol CO2/m2·s among 18 tested varieties. Liubeixiang was of the highest value at 7.71, and the latter was Fudingdabaicha (5.72). The average transpiration rate was 4.01 with the lowest value at 2.56 (Hongyan 1). Moreover, the average values of intercellular resistance was 69.77 with the highest value at 129.42 (Liubeixiang) and the lowest value at 36.04 (Raoshanxiulv).Introduced green tea varieties showed higher drought resistance than Fudingdabaicha, and Baimao 2; Phoenix-huangzhixiangdancong and Hongyan 12 were better than Huangdan. Zhenong 117, 81-8-30 and Jinxuan indicated higher cold resistance than their corresponding control varieties, but it was equal for Baimao 2 and Hongyan 12.Jinxuan, Baimao 2, Hongyan 1, Hongyan 7, Hongyan 9 and Hongyan 12 had an obviously higher yield of fresh leaves than that of Huangdan. Zhenong 117 had a higher yield than Fudingdabaicha, but it would be the same yields obtained from Wuyizao and Maolv.In the aspect of quality of made tea, Hongyan 12 was the best Oolong tea variety, and then were Hongyan 1 and Hongyan 7. The best quality of green tea would be obtained from Zhenong 117, and the later were Liubeixiang and Maolv. ISSR as a molecular marker method, Baiyangguanyin, Hongyan 1 and You 4 could be clustered. The less genetic distance was found among Zhenong 117, Zhenong 139 and Maolv, and they could be divided into one group because of such closer genetic relationships.In conclusion, Hongyan 1, Hongyan 7, Hongyan 12 (Oolong tea varieties), and Wuyizao, Zhenong 117, Maolv (Green tea varieties) showed the better comprehensive characters among 18 introduced new tea varieties by demonstration trials.
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