The Life Cycle And Ecological Adaptation Of Viola Prionantha Bunge

The life cycle,drought resistance and wear tolerance of Viola prionantha Bunge were reviewed under cultivated condition from May 2007 to November 2008.The results was as follows:(1) Under temperature-constant and temperature-fluctuation conditions.Chasmogamous seeds vigor was higher than that of cleistogamous seeds,extremely remarkable.Compared to temperature-fluctuation conditions with temperature-constant conditions,the germination quantity of chasmogamous seeds,cleistogamous seeds were increased by 10%,30%,respectively.Two kinds of seeds vigor were increased by GA₃,extremely remarkable.(2) Viola prionantha Bunge were sown in the middle of May,germinated after 6 days,entered into seeding stage after 15 days,produced cleistogamous fruits after 55 days,finshed producing cleistogamous fruits in the middle of October,wilted in the late of October,the green-up periods was 157d.Biennial plant turned green in the late of March,finshed turning green and entered into spring chasmogamous after 12 days,chasmogamous periods was 41d,chasmogamous fruit periods was 14d.cleistogamous fruits periods began in the early of May,was 179d, the green-up periods was 195d.(3) On average,The height of Viola prionantha Bunge's annual and biennial plant were 8.84cm(±1.95), 10.63cm(±1.62).The number of leaves Changed in the scope of 5.7 - 24.52.18.8 - 98.47,Crown width was 16.03cm,20.48cm,respectively.Viola prionantha Bunge's height lowed,Strong coverage.(4) Viola prionatha Bunge's breeding systems were chasmogamous systems and cleistogamous systems, annual plant dou't produce chasmogamous.Biennial plant chasmogamous bud was 6.10 per plant,the number of chasmogamous was 12.11 per plant,chasmogamous fruits were 3.05 per plant,Seed-setting rate was 35.88%, chasmogamous seeds was lower production,was 0.289g per plant.Viola prionantha Bunge's annual and biennial plant cleistogamous fruits were 16.63 per plant,149.39 per plant,respectively.Biennial plant cleistogamous fruits periods,production higher than that of annual plant remarkable.Biennial plant Cleistogamous production was improved by transplant,biennial plant Cleistogamous seeds was 6.336g per plant,Respectively.Viola prionantha Bunge's chasmogamous and cleistogamous emergence were 40.38%,36.37%.The height,cleistogamous fruits, population coverage were not significant difference.Viola prionantha Bunge's vegetative reproduction was Strong, The root's(0～5) survival rate(67.9%)higher than that of root's(5～10)(46.3%).(5) Viola prionantha Bunge and Poa pratensisl's drought resistance were reviewed by repeated drought,The results showed:Poa pratensisl can't survival when soil moisture lowed 20%FC,Viola prionantha Bunge can't survival when soil moisture lowed 30%FC.Throughout the growing season(6～9month),The total irrigation frequency of Viola prionantha Bunge and Poa pratensisl were 11,9,respectively.On average,Viola prionantha Bunge's irrigation cycle(10.7d) Shorter than that of Poa pratensisl(13.2d).Viola prionantha Bunge population's irrigation water Less than that of Poapratensisl 2.6 Kgm^-2,The total irrigation water were not significant difference.(6)The heights,coverage of Viola prionantha Bunge were reduced by trampling treats in different growth periods extremely remarkable.Trampling affected coverage remarkable,from August beginning.Trampling leaded to flowering in fall.