| A preliminary study was made on the mutation effects induced by a new chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) "Huashaling" in rapeseed (Brassica napus L), including a normal line "R121 "and a Polima cytoplasmic male sterile line "9313A". R121 blooms with plenty of pollen . 9313A blooms with slight pollen in the early days, and sterile in the following days in high temperature. The CHA "huashaling" was provided by Mr. Fu-Yun long, Mian county, Shanxi province. The mutagenic effects including pollen abortion, cytological mutation, changes of protective enzyme activity in leaves , changes of main agronomic traits and economic traits were studied. The main results were as follows:1. The results showed that the effect of male abortion induced by CHA in M1 was remarkable. The better concentration were 0.14-0.21g/L to 9313A.Its flower abortion rate was 59.03-98.99%, A2B3 and A3B1 were the best treatments with 97.00%; standard selfing rate were 1.01-34.81%, A2B3 and A3B1 were 1.69-1.88%; fertile female rate were 70.87-99.02%, A2B3 and A3B1 were 97.38-95.90%. The better concentration were 0.07-0.14g/L to R121. Its flower abortion rate was 0-98.05%, A1B3 and A2B1 were the best treatments with 95.00-97.01%; standard selfing rate were 1.85-100.00%, A1B3 and A2B1 were 2.08-3.11%; fertile female rate were 72.60-100.00%, A1B3 and A2B1 were 97.38-95.90%.2.The cytological results showed that the periods of anther abortion in R121(Tr) and 9313A(Tr) were different. In plants of the treated cms line, 9313A(Tr), a plenty of microspores had an abnormal development eventually resolution directly at mono-nucleus stage, and it could not develop at the stage of bi-nucleus microspore and ri-nucleus. And the same time, the resolution of tapetum cells was rapidly. It appeared that the abortion of microspore development mainly took place in the mono-nucleus stage. In plants treated with CHA in R121(Tr), the pollen mother cells did not accomplish meiosis, at the same time, the development of tapetum cells was also abnormal, such as inward hyperplasia even depart from middle layer directly. It was shown that the abortion of anthers took place mainly during mid-meiosis to anaphase stage in R121(Tr) and the period of anther abortion was earlier than 9313A(Tr).3. The results of research on three protective enzyme activity in leaf of M1, showed that the change of enzyme activity were different. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was always remarkably higher than its check from CHA spraying to bloom, and the tendency was comitant with its check. The activity of Peroxidase (POD) was always lower remarkably than its check from CHA spraying to bloom, and the tendency was comitant with its check. The activity of Phenylalanineammonialyase(PAL) were a little higher than its check both in 9313A and R121. It were not significant different from its check by variance analysis(p>0. 05). It was showed that the male abortion induced by CHA "huashaling" had nothing to do with PAL in the leaves of 9313A and R121.4.The changes of main agronomic traits and economic traits, showed that its develpoments were affected remarkably by different concentration in 9313A and R121. Induced by "huashaling", plant height increase reaches Significance at the 0.01 probability level ,at the same time, 1st branch , siliques. main rac, number of siliques/plant and yield decreased remarkably. We can see from the test, there is nothing but plant height to increase.5. The main objectives were studying the abortion effects induced by CHA "huashaling" in rapeseed (Brassica napus L) , selecting proper concentration in 9313A and R121. The results showed that the spraying stage were best at the stage of mono-nucleus. We had obtained the better spraying concentrations in 9313A and R121 from this experiment . So "huashaling" is a suitable CHA that can be used widely in rapeseed breeding and F1 seed production. Meanwhile material should be considered with agent concentration and spraying stage. |
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