| China has a big agriculture, and the annual yield of grains is about 5 hundreds million ton. Stored-grain had come into being third class system which is country, district and farmer. Stored-grain of farmer is about 1.2 hundreds millionton, while the establishment of farmer's stored-grain is bad, then the grains were destroied from 3% to 5%, and PH3 brought toxicosis to human when using it to protect stored-grain. It is a problem to need to solve how to safe and effective prevention destroy of stored-grain insects. Therefore, the research of botanical pesticide is very importance which is safty, conveniency and without polluting environment to use in protecting stored-grain of farmer.The object of the research is original liquid of osthole extracting from fruit of Cnidium momnnieri. The experiment selected the best diluent from 5 species of diluents for the diluents of osthole powder using mixed original liquid of osthole with diluents and grain with insecticide. And the formulation of osthole powder was ascertained. The integrated toxicity of the formulation of osthole powder on 5 species of main stored-grain insects were studied using mixed grain with insecticide. And the integrated toxicity of the formulation of osthole powder adding pesticide synergist against 5 species of main stored-grain insects were studied using mixed grain with insecticide. Then the validity of the formulation of osthole powder adding pesticide synergist to 5 species of main stored-grain insects were studied by mixing grain with insecticide. At the same time, the quality of the formulation of osthole powder adding pesticide synergist was surveied. In addition, the effect of protection to stored grain of the osthole powder were studied by using it in surface layer or whole grains under simulating the characteristics of the stored grain of farmer. Finally the change of several kinds of important enzymes in adult of S.zeamais with time or dosage were studied after insects treated with osthole powder. The results showed as follows:1. Kaolinite was the best diluent among Diatomite, Kaolinite, Argil, Embellish and Talcum powder for the diluents of osthole powder, and the formulation of osthole powder was 1.6%.2. The results of integrated toxicity of 1.,6% osthole powder with Kaolinite diluent against 5 species of main stored-grain insects showed as follows:This formulation of osthole powder had quite control effect to adult of S.zeamais, R.dominica, O.surinamensis and C.pusillus, and had control effect to adult of T.castaneum. The control effect became stronger with the treated time. The corrected mortality of adult of S.zeamais, Kdominica, O.surinamensis and C.pusillus were 99.30%, 100.00%, 97.59% and 95.45% after 15 days treatment under 1750 mg/kg of 1.6% osthole powder with Kaolinite diluent, and the LD50 were 942.69 mg/kg, 856.05 mg/kg, 820.09 mg/kg and 891.49 mg/kg. The corrected mortality of adult of T.castaneum was 70.00% after 21 days treatment under 2500 mg/kg of 1.6% osthole powder with Kaolinite diluent, and the LD50 was 1980.06% mg/kg.3. The results of integrated toxicity of the formulation of osthole powder adding pesticide synergis to 5 species of main stored-grain insects showed as follows:The formulation of osthole powder adding pesticide synergis had significant control effect to 5 species of main stored-grain insects, and needed little time to control effect than 1.6% osthole powder with Kaolinite diluent. However, the time of reaching to over 98.0% corrected mortality to the 5 species insects were different from 2 to 15 days under the highest dosage 1.6 mg/kg. The corrected mortality of adult of O.surinamensis and C.pusillus were 98.84% and 100.00% after 2 days treatment, and the LD50 were 0.26 mg/kg and 0.20 mg/kg. The corrected mortality of adult of S.zeamais was 100.00% after 3 days treatment, and the LD50 was 0.11 mg/kg. The corrected mortality of adult of R.dominica and T.castaneum were 100.00% and 100.00% after 15 days treatment, and the LD50 were 0.03 mg/kg and 0.23mg/kg. The control effect of osthole powder adding pesticide synergis was better than Guchongjing (using dosage 1000 mg/kg) and chemical Fangchongling (using dosage 10 mg/kg) to adult of S.zeamais, R.dominica, T.castaneum and O.surinamensis under 1.6mg/kg, and better than Guchongjing and the same Fangchongling to adult of C.pusillus under 1.6mg/kg.4. The result of the quality inspection of the formulation of osthole powder adding pesticide synergist showed eligibility. The appearance of osthole powder was floating and no conglomeration. Powder fineness was 97.6%, and pH 7.62. There was no agglomeration and pastiness after high temperature store.5. The result of the validity of the formulation of osthole powder adding pesticide synergist to 5 species of main stored-grain insects showed as follows:The validity of high dosage was better than low dosage, and the validity was vary with different control object. Under the using dosage 1.6 mg/kg and 0.8 mg/kg, there were the longest validity to S.zeamais and R.dominica, latter validity to C.pusillus and T.castaneum, lattermost validity to O.surinamensis. After 6 months treatment, the corrected mortality of adult of S.zeamais and R.dominica were 96.67%, 91.11% and 100.00%, 96.43%. After 4 months treatment, the corrected mortality of adult of C.pusillus were 97.37% and 78.95%. After 3 months treatment, the corrected mortality of adult of T.castaneum were 100.00% and 61.11%. After 2 months treatment, the corrected mortality of adult of O.surinamensis were 94.12% and 58.82%. Under the same conditions, The validity of osthole powder adding pesticide synergis was better than Guchongjing (1000 mg/kg) and Fangchongling (10 mg/kg) to adult of S.zeamais, R.dominica, C.pusillus, T.castaneum, and O.surinamensis under 1.6mg/kg, 0.8mg/kg. Then 0.8mg/kg dosage was befittingly to put in practice in the futrue.6. The effect of protection to stored grains of surface layer using insecticide than better whole grains using them under simulating the characteristics of the stored grain of farmer. The extent of damaged grains using osthole powder (0.8 mg/kg) was lower than using Guchongjing (1000 mg/kg) and Fangchongling (10 mg/kg) under the same storage condition. After 5 months treatment, there were dead insects without living insects in the stored grains under whole grains using insecticide, and the stored grains without being damaged. However, there were dead and living insects in the stored grains under surface layer grains using insecticide, and the extent of damaged stored grains were 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 3.0% under using osthole powder, Guchongjing, Fangchongling and control. After 9 months treatment, the extent of damaged stored grains using osthole powder, Guchongjing, Fangchongling and control were 0.5%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 43.0% under whole grains using thoss treatment, and the extent of damaged were 2.0%, 8.0%, 10.0% and 43.0% whlie surface layer grains using those treatment.7. The results of the change of several kinds of important enzymes in adult of S.zeamais with time or dosage were studied after insects treated with osthole powder showed as follows:The part enzymes activities in S.zeamais represented obvious time-effection after insects treated with osthole powder. The activities of AchE and CarE content of tissue succus in S.zeamais were repressed trending with the prolongling of treating time under the 0.19 mg/kg dosage (LD50 treating S.zeamais after 2 days), whereas the activity of GSTs was induced.The part enzymes activities in S.zeamais represented obvious dosage-effection after insects treated with osthole powder. Treating S.zeamais adult with osthole powder under 1.6, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 mg/kg dosages, The activities of AchE and CarE were repressed, whereas the activity of GSTs was induced after 2 days with the all dosage.
|
PDF Full Text Request