Evaluation On Nutritional And Ecological Characteristics And Productive Efficiency Of 36 Oat Varieties In Alpine Meadow Region

Oat is an annual gramineae avena plant with many good features, such as resistance to drought, cold and stability, strong adaptability and stable yield. It is an important forage grass and food crop. The production efficiency and nutrition ecological characteristics of 36 different varieties oats, collected from alpine grassland experimental station of Gansu agricultural university in Tianzhu, were evaluated useing gray correlation analysis method. five varieties which seeds can mature were screened out, they were Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4617,12Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.12, Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4632, Avena sativa L.cv.Bayan NO.3 and Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.87-6-21. Then, the nutrient contents and caloric value in different parts of the 5 species of excellent oats at heading stage, milking date and mature date were studied.The main results were shown as follows:1. The comprehensive evaluation of 36 oat varieties in plant height tiller number, fresh forage yield, hay yield and fresh dry ratio showed the right degree of correlation and the weighted correlation analysis basically had the same conclusion, their correlation coefficient is R2=0.9938, Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.199 (r'=0.8462), Avena sativa L.cv. Baiyanmai NO.7 (r'=0.7592), Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.321, Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.958 and Avena sativa L.cv.CNC had the best performance and highest productivity among tested varieties, these five varieties could be used as the main high-yielding planting varieties in alpine meadow area. Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.255 (r'=0.6179), Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.97, Avena sativa L.cv.Xiaohongyanmai, Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.203, Avena sativa L.cv.Jiyin NO.1, Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.108, Avena sativa L.cv.Tianzhuyanmai and Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.87 had higher productivity and better performance, and could be introduced to be cultivated appropriately; Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.208(r'=0.3745) had the lowest production performance.2. The cmprehensive evaluation on nutrition of 36 species of oat varieties also showed the right degree of correlation and the weighted correlation analysis basically had the same conclusion,correlation coefficient is R2=0.0.9056. Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.316(r'=0.6260),Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.87-6-21(r'=0.6221),Avena Sativa L.cv.Xiaohongyanmai, Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.208, Avena sativa L.cv.Tian and Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4617 had the best performance and highest nutritional value in tested varieties and could be cultivated as the main varieties of forage oats in cold pastoral; 11 species of oats, inclouding Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.97(r'=0.5856), had higher nutritional value and better performance, and could be introduced to be cultivated appropriately; Avena sativa L.cv.Huang(r'=0.4795)had the lowest nutritional value. 3. The distribution of nutrient content in leaves, seeds and stems of 36 species oats were studied. The results showed that the moisture, ash, crude protein, soluble sugar and calcium content in leaves were significantly higher than seeds and stems, the average values of each character were 6.36%,9.28%,19.82%,13.71%and 0.25% respectively; crude fat and phosphorus contents in seeds were significantly higher than that of leaves and stems, average values were 4.48% and 0.25% respectively; crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents in stems were significantly higher than that of leaves and seeds, average values were 35.62%,65.18% and 56.40% respectively.4. The distribution of nutrients and caloric value in stems, seeds, leaves and whole-plant of the 5 excellent oats species were studied at heading stage, milking date and mature date. The comprehensive results showed that CP content in stems and seeds of Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4617 and Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4632 at heading stage was higher than the other varieties, the contents were (13.75%) and (17.38%) in straw, (20.25%) and (19.56%) in seeds; WSC content in seeds(19.06%),leaves(20.73%), and whole-plant(30.74%) of Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.87-6-21 at heading stage were higher than the other three varieties. EE contents in stems(1.69%) and leaves(5.44%) of Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.12, seeds(4.95%) of Avena sativa L.cv.Bayan NO.3 and whole-plant(3.07%) of Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4632 at milking date were higher than the other varieties. CF content in leaves(34.17%) and stems(20.62%) of Avena sativa L.cv.Bayan NO.3, whole-plant (24.10%) and seeds(16.85%) of Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.12 at mature date were the highest; NDF content in stems(80.37%) of Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4632, seeds (55.71%) of Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO. 87-6-21,leaves(64.91%), and whole-plant(67.49%) of Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4617 were higher than the other varieties; ADF content in stems(65.88%) and leaves(55.04%) of Avena sativa L.cv.Qingyongjiu NO.87-6-21, seeds(44.07%) of Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4632 and whole-plant(64.85%) of Avena sativa L.cv.NO.4617 were higher than the other varieties.