Research On Yield Trait And Grain Filling Stability Of Different Oat(Avena Sativa L.)Cultivars In Western Jilin Province

In recent years,with the significant improvement of the national living standard,people's food habits have changed and the pursuit of a healthy life is getting higher and higher,so husbandry has developed rapidly and become an important part of the national economy.As one of the most important grain and forage crops in China,oats have the characteristics of good palatability,high protein content,balanced amino acid content and strong adaptability,which occupies an important position in forage production in China.In China,the selection of Avena sativa varieties is mostly selected for grain use,but the selecting indicators of feed varieties are not clear.Therefore,it is of great significance to evaluate the main application direction of oats according to the agronomic characteristics of oats,to evaluate the main applications of introduced oats for screening the varieties with various uses,to enrich the oats germplasm resources and to accelerate the development of oat industry in China.Fourteen Avena sativa cultivars were seleted as tested materials by randomized block design,forage yield,agronomic characters,grain yield and its components carries on the variance analysis,hay yield and grain yield were taken cluster analysis,compare the agronomic characters of different types of oat varieties,aims to screen the plant type characteristics of forage,grain and both grain and forage Avena sativa cultivars which are suitable for western Jilin Province of China.Logistic equation was used to fit the oat grain growth curve,calculate the grouting parameters and secondary parameters,and study the correlation between them and grain yield and 1000-grain weight,provide reference for breeding oats varieties suitable for grain and studying on filling stability.The main results are as follows:?1?By means of the variance analysis of fourteen tested Avena sativa cultivars and the cluster analysis of hay yield in the filling stage,the highest hay yield was Sweet oat?9.40t/hm²?,followed by VNS?8.99 t/hm²?.The tested oats cultivars can be divided into two kinds:one kind is high forage yield varieties,including Sweet oat,VNS,Galileo and Dahan;another kind is low forage yield varieties,including ten varieties such as Baiyan No.12,Hewang,Cayuse2,Danyan 111 and so on.For the purpose of harvesting the high forage yield,we should pay attention to the genotype with larger flag leaf area,higher plant height,more leaves number on stem but less tiller.?2?By means of the variance analysis of fourteen tested Avena sativa cultivars and the cluster analysis of grain yield in the mature stage,the highest hay yield was Haymaker?3.71t/hm²?.The tested oats cultivars can be divided into two kinds:one kind is high grain yield varieties,including eight varieties such as Cayuse2,Baiyan No.12,Dahan,Haymaker,Sweet oat and so on;another kind is low grain yield varieties,including six varieties such as Galileo,Hewang,Magnum and so on.For the purpose of harvesting the high grain yield,we should pay attention to the genotype with higher harvest index,heavier main spike,heavier spikelet and grain,thicker stem,larger flag leaf area,fewer effective panicle number and fewer grains per unit area.?3?The analysis combined the study of tested Avena sativa cultivars and two forage types and grain types,Galileo,Magnum,Baiyan No.7 and Hewang have typical forage type characteristics;Danyan 111,Cayuse2,Baiyan No.6,Sweetyan No.1,Haymaker and Molasses have higher value for grain.For the purpose of breeding grain and forage oats,genotypes with larger flag leaf area,thicker stem and heavier spikelet and grain can be considered,such as Sweet oat,VNS,Dahan and Baiyan No.12 are suitable for both grain and forage oats.?4?According to the Logistic curve equation,the fitting parameters of the filling process of tested Avena sativa cultivars,the filling process was consistent with the variation of Logistic growth curve,the filling process of oats grain could be divided into three stages:gradually growth period,fast growth period and solw growth period.The dry matter accumulation in the process of oat filling?1000-grain weight?showed an"slow-fast-slow"speed,the dry matter accumulation of fourteen Avena sativa cultivars is the highest in the fast growth period,accounting for 58.9%of the 1000-grain weight in the whole filling stage.The whole filling duration T?the duration of mid and late filling T₂ and T₃?the time to reach maximum filling rate T_max?the dry matter accumulation of three stages and the rate of pre-filling V₁ of grain oats are higher than feed oats,which indicated that grain oats had a fast pre-filling rate,and the filling time was prolonged to stabilize the production in the middle and late period.?5?The correlation analysis between filling parameters and grain yield and 1000-grain weight of tested Avena sativa cultivars showed that grain yield and 1000-grain weight were positively correlated with the duration of the whole filling,the grain yield was positively correlated with the duration in the fast growth period and the solw growth period,the1000-grain weight was positively correlated with the mean filling rate.To sum up,breeding high quality grain and stable filling oats can select the variety types of long grain filling duration,especially in the late phase of grain filling and fast mean filling rate.