Effects Of Tannins On The Nutrition Utilization And Growth Of Yong Sika Deer (cervus Nippon)

The effects of different tannins levels feeds on the growth and nutrient utilization were studied by feeding, digestion, metabolism experiments, and analysis of serum biochemical parameters in this thesis. The reason of sika deer's toleration of high level tannin was investigated by comparison and analysis of some proteins'amino acids concentrations and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from sika deer and goat's parotid saliva. The tannins concentration of sika deer's conventional feeds and herbal medicines residues were determined in order to find some affordable and accessible compensational tannin feed stuff.Experiment one: Twenty four 7-month-old male sika deer were selected and divided into four groups in this study, based on the similar and good body condition. Each group were fed with feeds of different tannin levels(0, 1%,2%, 4%) respectively to examined the effects of different tannin levels on the growth, nutrient utilization and serum biochemical parameters of sika deer.Experiment two: One sika deer was selected from each group of experiment one to examine the effects of different tannin levels on feed intake, protein utilization.Experiment three: We investigated the reason of sika deer's toleration of high level tannin by comparison and analysis of proteins'some amino acids concentrations and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from sika deer and goat's parotid saliva.Experiment four: We collected conventional feeds of sika deer from the deer farm and herbal medicine residues from pharmaceutical company. Then we chose some affordable and accessible tannin compensational feed stuff, by determining their tannin concentrations.The experimental results showed that:(1) The groups fed with tannins were higher in CP, Ca digestibility or absorption than the control, and there was a significantly difference between the group fed with 2% tannins and the control. The results showed that among the four different tannin levels, the group fed with 2% tannins gained more daily growth in body weight and height (P<0.05), and had the lowest concentration of serum urea nitrogen (P<0.05).(2) Feed intake of the deer fed with tannins were lower than the control (P<0.05), but the apparent digestibility of dry matter are all higher than the control (P>0.05). The crude protein digestibility of the groups fed with tannins were all higher than the blank control(P<0.05).(3) The concentration of proline and histidine in sika deer's parotid saliva increased according with the tannin levels. The concentration of proline and histidine in goat's parotid saliva were lower than that of sika deer, when they were fed with feed without tannins. From 17 to 26kDa molecular mass range there were three protein bands in sika deer parotid saliva while only one in goats'. There was a protein band around 85kDa molecular mass, which brightness as protein concentration increased according with the tannins levels in feed.(4) The tannins'concentrations of oak, linden, maple, desertdate, callicarpa japonica, and honeysuckle flowers were 0.92%, 0.59%, 1.03%, 0.07%, 1.0%, and 0.26% respectively. And they can be used as compensational tannin additive stuff for farmed sika deer which were not fed with enough tannin.