Studies On The Effect Of Application Of Organic Fertilizers On Tobacco-rice Rotation

In the mainly implements tobacco-rice rotation of Fujian tobacco planting area, it is unclear that effects of applying organic fertilizers on rice and flue-cured tobacco, as well as nutrient release characteristics of applying organic fertilizers on paddy-upland rotation, which cause some effects on the fetilizer application and nutrition regulation.With a series of field experiments and indoor soil cultivation, it was researched that the effect of application organic fertilizer on the characteristics of nutrients in the soils planting tobacco, as well as the effect of application organic fertilizer on thegrowth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the study of applying organic fertilizers on Fujian tobacco planting area, provide scientific basis for rational application of organic fertilizers in the planting tobacco soil which rotation tobacco and rice were made.The main result as follows:1. Soil cultivation experiments showed that, application of the equal and different organic fertilizers in the tidal sand fields,gray mud fields respectively was in favor of the increase of the content of available N, P and K. Under the12.5g·kg-1 of organic fertilizers, the decomposition rate of different organic fertilizers was different, and the application of cake fertilize in the increase of soil available N played the largest effect. Under wetted condition, the largest release rate of organic nitrogen in the tidal sand fields were cake (32.55%)> chicken manure (31.65%)> pig manure (23.53%)> cattle manure (21.63%)> straw (19.36%) , the largest release rate of organic nitrogen in thegray mud fields were cake (29.15%)> chicken manure (27.99%)> pig manure (25.90%)> cattle manure (22.55%)> straw (16.10%) . Under flooded condition, the largest release rate of organic nitrogen in the tidal sand fields were cake (29.15%)> chicken manure 27.99%)>pig manure (25.90%)> cattle manure (22.55%)> straw (16.10%), the largest release rate of organic nitrogen in thegray mud fields were cake>chicken manure> pig manure >cattle manure > straw.The release rate of available P of pig manure in the tidal sand fields andgray mud fields was largest. Under wetted condition at tidal sand fields, the increase of the release rate of available P was pig manure (21.79%)> chicken manure (16.78%)> cake(14.86%)> cattle manure (14.09%)> straw (9.56%),gray mud fields the same order with the tidal sand fields.Under flooded condition, the order of pig manure > chicken manure> cake> cattle manure > straw,gray mud fields the same order with the tidal sand fields. However, the P release rate was slightly higher than the tidal sand fields. Whatever condition was wetted and flooded, the release rate of available P of pig manure was largest. Different types of organic fertilizer application into different soils, the largest release rate of K in the organic fertilizer were different. Under wetted condition, the release rate of available Kof straw in the tidal sand fields andgray mud fields was largest,were 98.82% and 94.77%. Followed by cattle manure (90.09% and 92.36%), chicken manure (88.56%, 80.75%), cake (83.93% and 79.58%), the smallest of pig manure (75.08% and 79.39%). Under wetted condition at tidal sand fields, the increase of the release rate of available K was straw (9.56%), the pig manure was the smallest (79.58%) , the release rate of availableK of straw in thegray mud fields was largest, followed by the cattle manure (87.95%), cake (82.53%), chicken manure (79.02%), the pig manure was the smallest (75.79%)2. The results on agronomical character of flue-cured tobacco obtained by the long-term locational experiment were summarizes as follows: In 2007, applying organic fertilizers in the soils planting tobacco exerted thegreater influence on increase of the number of leaves and the largest leaf area. The number of leaves and the largest leaf area of B (25% chicken manure) were highest in the rounding stage and topping stage of flue-cured tobacco. In 2008, thegrowth law of thegirth of caudex and the largest leaf area was basic same under applying the different varieties and amount of organic fertilizers. Thegirth of caudex of B (25% chicken manure) were highest , increased 0.2cm, 0.52cm and 0.16cm and13.42%, 10.97%, 3.11% compared with that of the fertilizer(A) in the rounding stage, in the flourishing stage and topping stage of flue-cured tobacco. In 2009, in the topping stage, the largest leaf area of B (25% chicken manure) and E(25% straw ) were largest, then F was least.3. Field test showed that the effect of the total yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco were most obvious when applied B(25% chicken manure) to the planting tobacco in the long-term locational experiment. In 2007, the total yield and output value of B respectively increased 322.91 kg/hm2 and 3923.60 yuan/ hm2, compared with that of the fertilizer(A). In 2008, the total yield and output value of B was largest and respectively were 1909.93 kg/hm2 and 25076.61 yuan/hm2, followed by D(25% cattle manure) which the total yield and output value were 1813.91 kg/hm2 and 23183.05 yuan/hm2. In 2009, the total yield and output value of B was still largest, followed by D(25% cattle manure). It made a different impact on rice yield after applying organic fertilizers in the soils planting tobacco. The rice yield of 25% cake and 25% pig manure treatments were best .4. Field test showed that applition organic fertilizers not made the content of N of upper leaves increase(except the content of N of upper leaves of cake treastment wasgreat, because of drought in the first half of 2008 ). The content of nicotine of upper leaves was in the appropriate ranges when organic fertilizers were applied in the planting tobacco.The 25% chicken manure treastment clearly increased the content of P of tobacco leaves.There were no differences between organic fertilizer treatments and that of the fertilizer on the content of S of tobacco leaves.5. Combined application of different types of organic fertilizer could increase soil organic matter content and the total carbon content of humus, treatment E (25% pig manure) was particularly significant. For humus, organic fertilizer treatment respectively increased 4.88% and 1.87 g/kg, compared with chemical fertilizer treatment and soil before the first quarter flue-cured tobacco.With the treatments of organic fertilizer in soil bacteria increased, compared with that of the fertilizer (in addition to treatment D 25% cattle manure). The increase of fungi number was most obvious when applied 25% chicken manure to the planting tobacco, followed by 25% straw, while the smallest 25% of pig manure. The number of actinomycetes to 25% of pig manure expanded 12.83×106 than treatment A.