Characteristics Of Soil Organic Matter Content And Effect On Trace Elements In Yibin Tobacco-growing Areas

The aroma type of flue-cured tobacco is an important component of the quality of tobacco,and it is also an important basis for the quality zoning of the tobacco leaves to characterize the style and characteristics of the products.Sweet aroma is one of China's tobacco flavor,is the fine white sand,Yellow Crane Tower,furongwang and other major brands of cigarette formulation,in recent years,the emerging regions of Luzhou(Gulin Lou Guan Wen),because the smoke smell"quiet quiet,smell alcohol and soft,natural fresh aftertaste,and accompanied by Cecil sweet aroma"and highly respected,but because of the lack of scientific quality assessment and habitat suitability analysis,resulting in a decline in some areas of tobacco quality problems.This paper takes Luzhou tobacco cigarette leaf sweet Loushan characteristics as materials,the evaluation of physical and chemical characteristics of sweet cigarette leaf,appearance and sensory analysis of general characteristics;sweet aroma of typical aroma composition and proportion characteristics,and divides the regional sweet Xianya area;explore the formation of sweet tobacco agricultural geological background of Qing Dynasty(different the topography,rock and soil types of soil parent),source characteristics,soil nutrients(pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium)characteristics.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Luzhou tobacco area Loushan physical index,leaf density ranged from64.07 g/m2~78.20 g/m2;range of 9.44%~14.05%moisture balance;force range of1.19~2.61 N 3.66 cm3/g~6.72 cm3/g;filling range;stem ratio was 23.87%~34.86%;amplitude 7.76 g~15.04 g weight per leaf,stem ratio showed a negative skewness,in addition to stalk rate,other physical indicators showed positive skewness,high level,and in a suitable range,shows that the areas of development,the tobacco moisture absorption,better filling properties.The chemical index and the overall coordination of the suitable range of25.62%~37.48%,total sugar reducing sugar;total nitrogen;16.77%~32.81%amplitude,1.54%~2.73%amplitude;nicotine 1.53%~3.96%;tobacco potassium chloride 1.02%~2.44%amplitude;amplitude 0.14%~0.43%.According to the chemical compatibility,the ratio of sugar to alkali is 7.42%~24.10%,the ratio of nitrogen to alkali is 0.56%~1.64%,and the ratio of potassium to chlorine is1.84%~29.5%.The total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium,potassium and chlorine were scattered.The distribution of total nitrogen,nicotine,chloride,sugar,alkali,nitrogen and alkali were concentrated.The overall appearance quality is as follows:good maturity,loose leaf tissue,medium status,rich oil,and strong chroma.Among them,the range of color score is7.59~11.15,the maturity range is 7.03~11.46,the leaf structure is 7.33~11.70,and the identity 6.55~8.83.Oil score and chroma score were slightly lower,oil range was5.37~9.21,and chromaticity range was between 4.65~8.94.The color,maturity,leaf structure and chromaticity of tobacco leaves are weak variation.The color and chromaticity scores were positively skewed,and the maturity,leaf structure,identity and oil fraction were negatively skewed.Color score distribution was dispersed,maturity,leaf structure,identity,oil and color scores were more concentrated,and the score was closer to the average value.The overall sensory quality is as follows:good aroma,adequate aroma,pleasant aftertaste,strong odor and slight irritation.Among them,the aroma qualitative change amplitude is between 10.68~14.36,the aroma quantity score variable range is10.12~19.57,the aftertaste amplitude 14.37~21.8,all in the suitable scope.The scores of gas and irritation were slightly lower,and the amplitudes were 6.75~16.39 and7.20~9.36.The aroma value of tobacco leaves was negatively skewed,and the quantity of aroma,aftertaste,gas and irritation were positively skewed.In terms of kurtosis,the data of aroma quality and irritation were concentrated,and their scores were close to the mean.The distribution of aroma,aftertaste and impurity index were dispersed.Luzhou Loushan tobacco sweet aroma constituents in flue-cured tobacco showed neoplytadiene>phenylethyl alcohol>Solanone>acetylpyrrole,and the range of neoplytadiene was 852.68~1360.42 g/g,the average content of 1112.68 g/g;the average content of benzene ethanol 268.71 g/g the range of 210.80~316.87,g/g;Solanone content was 34.09~71.15 g/g,average 47.51 g/g;acetylpyrrole was29.35~65.29 g/g,average content is close to 47.33 g/g.Sweet aroma constituents of the overall positive skewness distribution,and had a high content.On the basis of the new plant difference diene,phenylethyl alcohol,Solanone and acetylpyrrole content,will Luzhou tobacco area Loushan major tobacco points are divided into three types as I sweet Xianya,longevity,Zhai Ping,Republic,Longsheng,the sweet aroma of the representative aroma substances,aroma prominent,sweet scent as a typical area;II Huang Tian,Chen Ping,then the sweet aroma of tobacco aroma substance,clear sweet zone;III,Tuen Mun River,Hui Long neigh,the sweet aroma of tobacco aroma was lowest,weak Qing sweet zone.In addition,sweet aroma of flue-cured tobacco of neoplytadiene average accounted for more than 20%,benzene ethanol also accounted for more than 5%,the two were in different sub regions:the typical sweet flavor style(I)>sweet flavor style(II)>weak sweet flavor style(III).(2)Filling power,clear sweet tension,stem ratio and single leaf weight showed typical flavor style>sweet flavor style>weak sweet flavor style,and filling power of the typical sweet flavor style,sweet flavor style,weak sweet flavor style reached 6.29cm~3/g,5.30 cm~3/g and 4.18cm~3/g.And the difference was significant;Typical flavor style's stem ratio,leaf weight was significantly higher than that of the weak sweet flavor style,which was up to 1.53 times,1.29 times,and 1.36 times respectively.Tobacco total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium content decreased with the decreasing degree of clear sweet,sweet and typical cigarette leaves of total sugar and reducing sugar and potassium content than weak sweet leaf average increase of23.33%,24.94%cigarettes,25%.Total nitrogen,nicotine,chlorine ion as the typical sweet flavor style(I)<sweet flavor style(II)<weak sweet flavor style(III),compared with typical sweet flavor style,weak sweet flavor style's leaf nitrogen,weak alkali,chlorine ion content increased by 18.39%,53.92%and 40.31%respectively.Overall,the typical sweet area in line with the current tobacco production increase potassium alkali reduction of the overall goal.The appearance quality,color,maturity and leaf structure of higher score differences between sweet cigarette leaf was not significant.The overall performance is:orange color,good maturity,loose leaf structure,soft.Different cigarette leaf oil,sweet identity and color difference scores as follows:the typical sweet flavor style(I)>sweet flavor style(II)>weak sweet flavor style(III),leaf oil and chroma of the typical sweet flavor style and sweet flavor style were significantly higher than that of weak sweet flavor style,"Many"and"Some"accounted for the larger color strong,cigarette leaf oil score of weak sweet flavor style was"Little Some"and"Some"between the moderate.below;The typical sweet flavor style(8.67),sweet flavor style(8.20)identity thickness is moderate,and had no significant difference,while weak sweet flavor style cigarette leaf identity scores(7.07)was significantly lower than that of the typical sweet flavor style,as follows:the thickness,variation.Different sweet aroma,aftertaste,tobacco leaf mixed gas score as follows:the typical sweet flavor style(I)>sweet flavor style(II)>weak sweet flavor style(III),cigarette leaves the average score of typical sweet flavor style was13.49,good quality,and significantly(p<0.05)higher than that of sweet flavor style and weak sweet flavor style cigarette leaves;Typical sweet flavor style and sweet flavor style cigarette leaves had no significant differences in scores of mixed gas,mixed gas is generally light or slightly weak,weak sweet flavor style had a heavier cigarette leaf odor;Different sweet cigarette leaf finish scores significantly,overall performance:typical sweet flavor style(19.61)>sweet flavor style(16.63)>weak sweet flavor style(14.07),sweet scent with more comfortable or still comfortable.Different sweet aroma quantity for cigarette leaf score:the typical sweet flavor style(13.23)<sweet flavor style(15.78)<weak sweet flavor style(16.26),sweet sweet incense and there was no significant difference between sweet flavor and weak sweet flavor leaf score,but were significantly higher than that of the typical sweet flavor leaves.Aroma quantity was overall foot or foot;the average score(8.48)of the typical sweet flavor style,sweet flavor style,and weak sweet flavor style leaves had no significant difference,between the“Little some”and“Some”.(3)different sweet leaf with an average elevation of cigarettes showed typical sweet flavor style(1155 m)>sweet flavor style(1074 m)>weak sweet flavor style(1240 m).Amplitude of weak sweet flavor style(174.76)showed higher than typical flavor style(82.74),sweet flavor style(81.23);sweet cigarettes are concentrated in the lower altitude land form in Zhongshan(900~1400m).Mother rock into a typical sweet flavor style is limestone(28.37%),sandstone and shale(12.22%)purplish sandstone(12.20%),purplish red sandstone(11.10%);The carbonatite close to 45%,clastic rocks and clay rocks close to the average proportion,accounted for about 22%,and both soil and fertilizer in tobacco field the characteristics of water flooding.Sweet flavor style parent rocks mainly distributed in limestone(23.85%),purplishsandstone(13.60%),shale(11.30%),purplish red(11.10%),sandstone(11.00%),and firestone(10.5%);Among them,carbonate rocks account for 40.10%of the total.Weak sweet flavor style clay rocks into soil parent rock in the largest proportion,reached 35%,soil texture imbalance,poor water permeability.Parent material of Luzhou tobacco area soil originate mainly from alluvial four categories:slope deposits,debris,slope deposits,residual deposits,alluvial deposits;secondly,mainly from deluvium(average accounted for more than 60%);typical sweet flavor style,sweet flavor style,and weak sweet flavor style have an average of3~5%soil parent material.With the decrease of sweet style,reduce the proportion of alluvial deposits;Residual ratio of parent material in the sweet scent of flue-cured tobacco had no significant difference.Sweet scent tobacco tobacco soil of Luzhou had different tobacco areas:yellow soil,paddy soil,purple soil,lime soil.The typical sweet scent area by yellow purple soil(62.23%),purple soil(17.33%),sweet scent by yellow zone(56.18%),paddy soil(19.50%);With the decrease of sweet style,yellow soil,purple soil was decreased,the weak area of sweet scent accounted for a decrease of 14~20%and 3~4%respectively;The paddy soil,lime soil distribution ratio increases,the weak area to increase the proportion of sweet scent were 12~19%,4~5%.(4)Loushan tobacco soil overall was slightly acidic to neutral(5.5~7.5),different area sweet scent tobacco soil pH had no significant difference,which was suitable in tobacco planting soil.With the weakening of sweet style,increase the planting tobacco soil pH mutation,subacidity(5.5~6.5),neutral(6.5~7.5)tobacco soil proportion decreased,the proportion of slightly alkaline(7.5~8.5)tobacco growing soil increased.Soil organic matter content in the overall optimum level(15~30 g/kg),the average content of soil organic matter content in typical sweet flavor style,sweet flavor style,and weak sweet flavor style were 21.45 g/kg,26.29 g/kg,and 26.83 g/kg;With the weakening of sweet style,suitable for the level of tobacco soil ratio decreased.Compared with the typical sweet,sweet flavor style,and weak sweet flavor style(30~50 g/kg)area of tobacco soil distribution proportion is higher by12.78%and 20.10%.Tobacco total soil nitrogen content at the appropriate level(0.5~1 g/kg),the average content of soil total nitrogen in typical sweet flavor style,sweet flavor style,and weak sweet flavor style were 0.85 g/kg,0.79 g/kg,1.05 g/kg;With the sweet style desased,suitable level(0.5~1 g/kg)was reduced,sweet flavor style,and weak sweet flavor style area respectively increased by 15.23%,8.82%.While at a high level(1~1.5 g/kg)tobacco soil proportion increased,compared with the typical sweet zone,weak area to increase the proportion of 13.01%sweet scent.Tobacco soil nitrogen in different interval are different:,average content of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in typical sweet flavor style,sweet flavor style at 40mg/kg(25~45 mg/kg),which was in the suitable range.The soil nitrogen average content of 58.35 mg/kg high range(45~60 mg/kg)in weak sweet flavor style.The suitable range(25~45 mg/kg)accounted for significant differences,showing a typical sweet flavor style(72.375)>sweet flavor style(59.96%)>weak sweet flavor style(51.14%).Soil available phosphorus in different sweet scent interval had no significant difference.The average content was about 14 mg/kg(5~15 mg/kg);The suitable range typical sweet flavor style(47.06%)>sweet flavor style(42.82%)>weak sweet flavor style(37.53%).The average content of tobacco planting soil available potassium in the100~150 mg/kg high level;Different areas have little difference with the sweet scent;With the weaken sweet style,suitable ratio decreased significantly,sweet flavor style,and weak sweet flavor style was reduced by 13.37%and 11.10%respectively.While the higher range of the opposite trend,showed weak sweet flavor style(43.53%)>sweet flavor style(37.78%)>typical sweet flavor style(28.71%).