Behaviors Of Lithocolletis Ringoniella Mats. And The Effects Of Varieties And Age Of Apple Trees On It And Its Dominant Parasitic Wasps

【Purpose】In order to understand the main behavior of Leaf-miner, Lithocolletis ringoniella and its rate of damage between varieties and age of apple trees, and the rate of its dominant parasitic wasps, to reveal relationship of the Interaction among apple trees, Lithocolletis ringoniella and its dominant parasitic wasps, to master their activity Rhythm.【Methods】Their behaviors like feeding, pupation, emergence, mating, etc, were studied through breeding, anatomy and continual videoing in the laboratory. And their rate were investigated and compared in the apple orchard of Yangling and Fufeng in the full incidence beginning period of Lithocolletis ringoniella【.Results】The results showed that newly-hatched Lithocollet ringoniella drills S-shaped bore longer than 0.5cm(from the point of origin to the end-point)and then broaden it through feeding. Feeding area(leaf back)increased at first and then decreased and kept constant in the end; mature larva at the initial stage of pupation becomes rigor with body and occasionally keeps side-turning or swings up and down with the tail. Then it makes cyclical spinning at 3 rounds per second with an interval, which lasts about 7h to arrive at pupation. The total resting time of mature larva was longer than the turnover in this process;Emergenced maxima come about nine o'clock in the morning. At the beginning of emergency, the moth reposes on the back of leaf with loose wings that after 16—60 seconds go vertical and tightly connected, and returned back to original position in 6-20 min. Adult mating peak appears at 08:30. Mating behavior is a complex process: after reposing in"一"shape for 2-3 h, mating begins. Males mate two times in a life, once a day while females only one time.Lithocolletis ringoniella has a great preference to the QinGuan apple, which belong to high infected variety and the maximum of damaging rate is 17.77%, Hongxing display the high resistance to Lithocolletis ringoniella.The total quantity of parasitic wasp had decrease was Apanteles theivorae,Sympiesis Foerst,Sympiesis soriceicornis,Ageniaspis testacesipes in the Yangling. The number of Apanteles theivorae is mainly decided in the different variety by the host quantity, but other three kinds are decided by other factor. Apanteles theivorae occurred mainly in the Qingguan, but Ageniaspis testacesipes occurred mainly in HongXing, Sympiesis soriceicornis were well-distributed between different varieties. HongXing has affected for susceptible properties and restrained parasitism of Apanteles theivorae, but it has promoted parasitism of Ageniaspis testacesipes. The full incidence period of Apanteles theivorae was in the beginning of August in Qinguan apple, and of Sympiesis Foerst was in the late of July. Ageniaspis testacesipes began to appear in the beginning of September in Hongxing apple. The apple trees,Lithocolletis ringoniella and its parasitic wasps constituted the 4 grade nutritional food chain(web) in the natural capital, and they were interdependent and coevolution.Lithocolletis ringoniella has a great preference to the young fruit trees,the damage to the young trees is greater than old trees,the hightest damage rate is 34.63%.At the region of Fufeng orchard, amounts of the development of parasitic wasp order is:Apanteles theivorae ,Ageniaspis testacesipes,Sympiesis Foerst,Sympiesis soriceicornis.The difference of the tree ages caused the difference amounts of the host of the parasitic wasp,and then influence the development amounts of the parasitic wasp.【Conclusion】various kinds of behaviour of the Lithocolletis ringoniella, the development of the Lithocolletis ringoniella and dominant species parasitic wasp represent a strong regularity, diversity, relevance and difference in different breeds and different ages of apple trees. However , studies of the causes for the differences has yet to be futher discussed in molecular aspects.