| Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin)Koehne belongs to Rosaceae,Chaenomeles Lind,which originated in china.It is a raw material of food industry because of its good color ,smell, taste and rich nutrition .It implies various organic acids minerals vitamins and contains some active substances such us trierpenoid saponins,flavoxate,polysaccharides,and so on.As an important material of medicines industry,it has several physiological functions such as antioxidation,anti-inflammatory anti-mutagenesis.This paper studied on the changes of major components during the fruit developoment and extraction,purification and antioxidative activity of polysaccharide from Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne, which gave a foundation of the further research.The main results and innovations were as follows:1.The content of soluble solid increases during the whole period and climbed to the peak of 14.8% 151 days after flowering. The change of the content of dry matter, coarse fibre and polyphenol presents unimodality and peaked at 26.49%, 14.96% and 84.84 mg/g (DW) 95, 67 and 95 days after flowering respectively . The content of flavone, polysaccharide and oleanolic acid rises during the fruit developmental stage and dropped slightly only in the late developmental stage. Of which the contents of polysaccharide and oleanolic reached the summits of 110.43 mg/g and 10.31 mg/g (DW) 137 days after flowering and the content of flavone climbed to an apex of 3.21 mg/g 151 days after flowering. The quantity of polyphenol in a single fruit rises at the preliminary stage of fruit development followed by a decline, which coordinates with changing trend of polyphenol content, and 95 days after flowering, the quantity of polyphenol in a single fruit peaks at 5.4486g on average. The quantity of flavone, oleanolic acid and polysaccharide in a single fruit grows during the whole fruit developmental stage, the quantity of the former two reached the pinnacle of 0.2612g and 0.7474g per fruit 179 days after anthesis on average and the latter one reached the top of 8.5081g 165 days after anthesis. Based upon the result, harvesting the fruits between 137 and 151 days after flowering is the best time for making decoction pieces, then the fruits are green and the content of oleanolic acid, polysaccharides and flavone reaches the highest level. Optimal harvest time for the purpose of flavone, oleanolic acid and polysaccharide extraction is between 165 and 179 days after anthesis. Harvesting around 179 days after flowering, the fruit are quite suitable for making wine, vinegar and canding.2.Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne polysaccharide was obtained by using hot water extraction and ultrasonic wave extraction.On the basis of one-factor tests,the method of orthogonal test analysis was carried out to determine the optimal condition of the extraction.The using hot water extraction optimal condition were:extraction 180min at 90℃with 1:50 ratio of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne to water.Under the optimized condition,the extraction rate of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne polysaccharide was 11.784%.The ultrasonic wave extraction optimal condition were:ultrasonic extraction temperature 80℃, time 40min Ultrasonic wave power 600W and the ratio of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne to water was 1:45.Under the optimized condition,the extraction rate of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne polysaccharide was 12.072%.3. The removal of protein in rude litchi polysaccharides was studied by three methods including Sevag method,TCA method and enzyme combined with Sevag method. The research showed the enzyme combined with Sevag method was optimum.The deproteinizaton rate was 91.312%,the retain rate of polysaccharides was 81.341%under the conditions that l% enzyme combined with 3 times Sevag method. The deproteinized polysaccharide was decolored with macroporous resin.The best way to decolor of the polysaccharide was using the XDA-7macroporous resin,and the macroporous resin amount used was 4g/100ml,adsobring 240min at 25℃.4.There were offwhite,straw yellow and offwhite polysaccharides component were obtained by the DEAE-52 textile fiber column chromatographic using four different solvent,from the polysaccharides which was deproteinized,decolored and dialyzed.The three components were homogeneous,which were identified by paper- chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel column chromatography and UV spectrum.The UV spectrum indicated the three polysaccharide components do not contain nucleic acid,protein and other impurities.5.Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne polysaccharides has strong scavenging effects on NO2-,DPPHand·OH radical. The experiment of antioxidant Activity shows that Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne polysaccharides has good antioxidant activity. |
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