Effects Of Different Forms Rice And Rice Husk On Growth Performance, Development Of Digestive Tract In Goslings

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of brown rice and rice husk under different treatments on growth perfencence,body size indexes and development of the gastronintestinal tract and intestinal tissue morphology in goslings from 5 to week of age.Base on the comparison of feeding effect of brown rice and rice husk, the effects of grain particle size (whole or ground) and grain source (brown rice and rice husk) on gastronintestinal tract and intestinal tissue morphology in goslings were further studied.One total of 64 28-d-old Yangzhou goslings of similar weight were selected and randomly assigned to2 groups. Each group of 32 birds comprised of 4 replicates with 8 goslings per group. Diet in experimental groups contained brown rice and rice husk, and basis diet was fed in the control group, with the same nutrition level in both of the treatment.Two total of 128 4-week-old Yangzhou goslings were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and each group was replicated four subgroups with 8 geese per replicate. The birds were used to determine the effects of grain particle size (whole or ground) and grain source (brown rice and rice husk) on growth performance of goslings.1. The feed intake was not improved under "rice - rice husk" diet treatment(P> 0.05), but body weight and daily gain of growing goslings were extremely significantly increased, feed conversion was significantly decreased(P<0.01).2. Body length, neck length and chest width were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the chest measurement was extremely significantly increased under "rice - rice husk" diet.3. The muscle weight of the stomach were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the jejunum relative length were significantly decreased under "rice - rice husk" diet. (P<0.05).4. The villus height of anterior duodenum and jejunum, crypt depth of anterior and posterior of jejunum were extremely significantly increased under "rice - rice husk" diet.(P<0.01).5. Overall, feed intake, daily gain and body weight were significantly higher under whole brown rice treatment than crushed brown rice treatment (P<0.01), feed conversion rate was significantly lower under whole brown rice treatment than crushed brown rice group (P<0.01); there is no significant influence of rice husk particle size on performance of growing goslings (P>0.05). The"whole brown rice - whole rice husk"group produced the best performance, the"crushed brown rice– crushed rice husk"group showed the worst performance.6. The interactive effect between brown rice and rice husk particle size significantly affect abdominal fat rate of growing goslings (P<0.05), the abdominal fat rate of whole brown rice group was higher than the others group. The interactive effect also significantly affect body length, neck length and chest width (P<0.05), the physical shape of whole grain brown rice group was the largest.7. Rice husk particle size has some effect on the weight and length of the gastrointestinal tract. The gizzard weight and the relative gizzard weight of whole rice husk group was significantly higher than the crushed rice husk group (P<0.01), the relative jejunum weight and relative ileum weight in the crushed rice husk group were significantly higher than whole grain rice husk group (P<0.05). the relative length of the jejunum in crushed rice husk group was extremely significantly higher than whole grain rice husk group (P<0.01), duodenum length and relative jejunum length and ileum length in crushed rice husk group were significantly higher than whole grain rice husk group. Brown rice particle size had no significant effect on weight and length of the gastrointestinal tract (P>0.05).8. Brown rice and rice husk particle size have some influence on the gut morphology. The villus height of digestive tract in whole brown rice group was significantly higher than crushed brown rice group (P<0.05), the crypt depth of anterior and posterior duodenum and jejunum was significantly higher than crushed brown rice group (P<0.05); the whole grain rice husk group duodenal and jejunal wall thickness of whole grain rice husk group was significantly higher than the crushed rice husk group.9. The pH value of duodenum digesta in crushed brown rice group was extremely significant lower than that whole brown rice group (P<0.01), The pH value of jejunum was significant lower than the crushed brown rice (P<0.05); The pH value of duodenum digesta in crushed rice husks group was significant lower than whole rice husk group (P<0.05).The trypsin activity of anterior jejunum digesta in the crushed brown rice was extremely significant higher than the whole brown rice group (P<0.01), The trypsin activity of later part of duodenum and jejunum digesta were significant higher than whole grain rice husk group (P<0.05) ; the amylase activity of anterior jejunum and posterior ileum in crushed brown rice group were extremely significant higher than the whole brown rice group (P<0.01); the interactive effect between brown rice and rice husk particle size affect amylase activity in duodenal digesta.Seen from the above results, we found that whole rice husk can significantly increased gizzard weight and wall thickness of the duodenum, anterior jejunum and stomach, but reduced weight and length of the jejunum; whole brown rice can significantly increased the villous height and crypt depth of small intestine. The structure and morphology change in growing goslings was partly due to the "whole grain rice - rice husk" Diet. Therefore, we believed that large feed particle size is more conducive to production performance, different particle size in different material should be considered during the design of goose feed formulation, we suggested that the rice should be used in the form of brown rice and whole rice husk in the diet of growing goslings.