| A group of new giant embryo rice (ge-rice) strains (one giant embryo black rice, two giant embryo glutinous rice and eight common giant embryo rice) which were bred by the Institute of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and the control variety Minghui86 (M86) were investigated in the biological characteristics and nutrient contents in this thesis. The content ofγ-amino butyric acid in the germination process of ge-rice TgeB and its control variety TB was also studied. The main results were shown as follows:1. The giant embryo glutinous gewx1 and gewx2, common ge-rice ge1, ge2 and ge4 showed the better plant type and giant embryo black rice geb1 was poor in the agronomic characters. The effective panicle per plant, 1000-grain weight and the theoretical yield of new ge-rice strains were lower than that of the control variety. The ge-rice ge7, ge1, ge5, gewx1 and gewx2 had better yield traits and higher theoretical yield, while the giant black rice geb1 was poor in the yield traits.2. The absolute and relative embryo weight of new ge-rice strains were significantly higher than the control variety M86. Among the new ge-rice strains, the maximum absolute embryo weight belonged to the ge4 strain, which reached 1.73mg and was the 2.1 times of M86 (0.81mg).The second one was the ge1 (1.57mg) and owned the 1.9 times in comparison with the control. The average relative embryo weight of ge-rice reached 6.2%, which increased by 86.3% compared with M86 (3.33%). The largest relative embryo weight was ge3 (9.11%), and followed by ge4 (7.86%). The relative embryo weight of giant embryo glutinous rice, gewx1 and gewx2 were 6.43% and 5.93% respectively, but the relative embryo weight of geb1 was only 4.67%.3. The major nutrients content of the new ge-rice strains were significantly higher than that of CK. The average content of five mineral elements, K, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe increased by 50.65%, 12.65%, 28.58%, 100.12% and 112.86% compared with M86, however, the content of Pb and Cd were basically lower than that of M86. The content of Se got instable and the highest content was 0.17mg/kg in the gewx1 that was 8.5-folds contrasted with M86 (0.02mg/kg). The majority of amino acids in ge-rice were higher than that of CK. The average essential amino acids (EAA) and total amino acids (TAA) of ge-rice reached 3.424% and 8.934%, which increased by 29.05% and 31.00% respectively by contrast with M86. The giant black rice geb1 had the highest EAA and TAA which were 4.15% and 10.60%. In addition, the embryo rice strains also had higher TAA included gewx1, gewx2 and ge2. By contrast with CK, the average content ofγ-amino butyric acid (GABA) of ge-rice strains was 5.81mg/100g, that was 3.2-folds contrasted with M86, on the other hand, the highest content of GABA was ge6 (20.23mg/100g), that was 11.2-folds contrasted with M86. The second one was ge8 (9.50mg/100g) and that was 5.3-folds contrasted with M86. The average content of peptide's of ge-rice was 20.98mg/g and increased by 53.73% compared with M86. The two top strains on the content of peptide's were ge3 and gewx1. The values reached 44.03mg/g and 31.42mg/g, which increased by 222.56% and 130.18%, respectively, compared with M86 (13.65mg/g).4. Correlation analysis suggested that there were significant positive correlation among the relative embryo weight and the levels of Potassium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Lead, rice peptides and total amino acids. This indicated that the content of these nutrients was greatly influenced and could be improved by the relative embryo weight in rice.5. The GABA content levels went up in both of the ge-rice TgeB and the corresponding CK during the germination, and TgeB was higher than TB at all times. The maximum levers of the two different rices practically reached at the same time at 45 hrs post germination hastening and were 61.7mg/100g and 31.5mg/100g, respectively.
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