Research On The Proximate Composition Of Camellia Chekiangoleosa Hu Fruit And Its Testa Utilization

Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu is an evergreen shrub or small tree with smooth skin in the family Theaceae. The leaves are glossy and dark green, coriaceous, and elliptical or obovate.Due to its high yield, C. chekiangoleosa is planted in more and more areas. However, the main composition of nutrients in its seed remains unknown, especially compared to other species in the same genus. Because the shell makes large proportion of the whole seed, it is important to understand the shell and to utilize it in order to increase the overall yield. The study in this article focused on the composition of the fatty acid and the main chemical components in the pericarp, shell, and kernel of C. chekiangoleosa seed, in comparison to other camellia species. The cotyledon cell structure was also observed with a microscope. The results showed that C. chekiangoleosa dry kernel contained 60.3% crude fat,8.8% crude protein, and 10.34% camellia saponin. Compared to other tea seeds, C. chekiangoleosa contained 13% more crude fat. The seed oil had 84.83% unsaturated fatty acid. The main component of the seed shell was crude fiber, which was 73.4%.The paper studied the pre-treatment conditions in the process of using the shell to produce CMC-Na, with several influence factors, such as pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, time, and temperature, of fiber decoloration. Orthogonality was used to optimize the conditions of decoloration. The best condition was determined as pH 11.0,35℃,2h, and hydrogen peroxide concentration 6%. Under such condition, the whiteness of fiber was 61.89.Using the shell fiber after decoloration as raw material, two methods, conventional and microwave-assisted, were employed to produce CMC-Na for comparison purpose. With the conventional method, the degree of substitution and viscosity of CMC-Na were respectively 0.534 and 0.515. With the microwave-assisted method, the degree of substitution and viscosity were 0.618 and 0.570. Although the CMC-Na produced with both methods met the industry standards for CMC-Na detergent, the one with microwave-assisted method had better characteristics with shorter producing time.