Effects Of AM Fungi On The Growth And Chemical Compostion Of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge. Under Different Fertilization

Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM fungi) in soil. It can promote nutrient transport from the soil to plant which are crucial components of plant development and health, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, and thereby affect the growth of the plants, improve their quality, and boost resistances of plants. Soil fertility can affect the development of AM fungi, so it is very important to study the effects of different fertilizer levels and AM fungi on plants.Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is a perennial herb plant from labiate family, it's a form of the traditional Chinese medicines, and has great pharmacological action. With the increasing demand and the deceasing quantity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., gathering wild Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. could not meet people's requirements, and destroyed ecological environments. Nitrogen and phosphorus are indispensable to plants'growth., Moderate nitrogen and phosphorus soil fertilization can increase the quantity and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., but the long term application of fertilizer can harm the soil.Pot experiments were conducted to study the arbuscular mycorrhizal formation course and structural changes in cells between Salvia miltiorrhizan Bge. seedling and AM fungi; effects of AM fungi on the growth and chemical compostion of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. under different fertilization.Following is the main results:1. A good symbioses relation was formed between AM fungi and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge..Mycorrhizal type was intermediate type. The formation course stared from spore germination, and then formed arbuscule structures and vesicles, and then spores formed.The fungal hyphae infected roots epidermis and formed arbuscular structure in cortex cell on 30th, and at the same time, there was a small amount of vesicles; some arbuscules began disperse and vesicle number clearly increased on 44th, its shape is rotundity, oblong or rhabditiform; a few vesicles began contraction and declination after 54 days. The changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate and spore density were related to mycorrhizal grow up status.2. The effects of AM fungi (Glomus mosseae) on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.under different N-applied levels in the pot culture was significant. AM fungi and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.could form symbioses efficiently. Inoculating AM fungi obviously developed mycorrhizal infection, N application had significant effects on the formation and development of AM. At the suitable N levels, inoculating AM fungi could increase the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.'s dry weight, vitality of roots and protective enzymes activity, and promote the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, total N and total P. Meanwhile, inoculating AM fungi promoted significantly the tanshinone content of underground of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., while the tanshinone content of overground of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.was not affected significantly. High nitrogen application limited the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and decreased the effective constituent content. Symbiotic effect was the best of AM and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. when N application was 0.085~0.17g N·kg-1 soil.3. The effects of AM fungi (Glomus mosseae) on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.under different P-applied levels in the pot culture were significant. The growth amount, vitality of roots, soluble sugar content, and the contents of total N and total P of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., as well as the tanshinone and flavonoid content in root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. were promoted, while the contents of soluble protein, tanshinone and flavonoid in shoot were not significantly affected by inoculating AM fungi. It was concluded that AM fungi and P application level had effects on the physiological characters and medicinal components of host plant. The best inoculation effect was observed under the P application level of 0.049~0.098g P·kg-1 soil.4. Those studies showed that modest N and P application could improve effectively the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, and increase the content of effective constituent, and the best ratio of N to P is 1:1. Inoculating AM fungi promoted the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. under the same fertilizer application. The fertilizer application and AM fungi had significantly effects of interaction on the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.