Stdudies On The Chemical Constituents From Aerial Parts Of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge.

Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae is the dry root and rhizome of perennial herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Because it has red colour and similar shape as Panax Ginseng, it received the name"Dan Shen", also called Xue Shen, Zi DanShen, Hong DanShen, etc. China Pharmacopoeia (2005 section) summarized its medicine efficacy as"removing blood stasis and analgesia, activating blood and promoting menstruational flow, heart-relieving and relieving restlessness", mainly treating"abnormal menstruation, amenorrhoea and dysmenorrheal, chest and abdominal hurt, heat arthritis pain, swelling pain of sore, restleness and sleeplessness, hepatosplenomegaly, angina pectoris". Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba, who has white or light yellow corolla that is different from the purplish red corolla of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge., is the white flower form of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge., and it mainly distributes in Shandong province. According to the literature, S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba, which is a fine varietie, has similar constituents as S. miltiorrhiza Bunge., and the tanshinoneⅡA and salvianolic acid B contents are higher than the standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In rencent years, there are many researches on the constituents and pharmacological effects of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge., but few on S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba. At present, with the expanding of clinical use of DanShen, some researchers studied the stem and the leaf of it, proving that they have the similar bioactives and pharmacological actions as the root. And the biomass of the aerial part is as twice as that of the root, so it is an abundant medicine resource.In order to exploit the resource of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba and the aerial part, this paper carried out a systematic research on three fields: the systematic pretest on chemical constituents, distribution traits of bioactives in different parts of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. and S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba, the isolation and purification of chemical constituents of the ethanol extracts from the aerial part of S. miltiorrhiza. The results were as follows:1. The systematic pretest on the chemical constitutions of the S. miltiorrhiza were studied through the test tube method and the filter paper method. The results showed that the aerial part of S. miltiorrhiza contained phenolic constituents, tannins, flavonoids and flavone glycosides, polysaccharides and the glycosides, lactones, coumarins, amino acids, polypeptide and proteins, and essential oil, etc, not anthraquinones and the glycosides, cardiac glycoside.2. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric method was applied to determine the contents of total tanshinones, total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in the root, the stem, the leaf and the flower of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. and S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba, HPLC was applied to determine the contents of tanshinoneⅡA, sodium danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, salvianolic acid B. The results of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric method showed that the contents of total tanshinones, total flavonoids and total phenolic acids are the highest in the leaf of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. and S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba, the lowest in the stem. The total tanshinones content in the leaf of the two varieties of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. are respectively 2.5 times and 2.4 times higher than that in the stem; The total flavonoids content in the leaf are respectively 3.8 times and 1.8 times higher than that in the stem; The total phenolic acids content in the leaf are respectively 3.5 times and 1.9 times higher than that in the stem. The results of HPLC showed that there were no tanshinoneⅡA in the aerial parts of the two varieties of S. miltiorrhiza; the HPLC chromatograms of the water-soluble components showed that the aerial parts had the same hydrosoluble constituents as the roots, but having different contents, also, the aerial parts had some other components that didn't exist in the root. On the basis of the value of biomass of different parts multiplying the contents of each active components, the leaf has larger biomass and higher contents of bioactive components among the aerial parts, therefore, besides the root, the leaf can be also the resource of obtaining bioactives such as salvianolic acids.3. The constituents of the alcohol extracts of the root and the aerial parts of salvia miltiorrhiza were isolated and purified through thin layer chromatography, repeated column chromatography on silica gel and recrystallization, and 6 compounds (Ⅰ2 0mg,Ⅱ1 2mg,Ⅲ4.3mg,Ⅳ28mg,Ⅴ4.5mg,Ⅵ15mg) have been obtained. Physical properties, comparing with standard compounds, spectroscopic techniques such as IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR have been applied in the structural elucidation of these compounds. 5 of them were confirmed as tanshinoneⅡA (20mg), cryptotanshinone(12mg),stigmastane-3,6-dione (4.3mg),β-sitosteroid (28mg) andβ-daucosterol (15mg)。The 2 former compounds were isolated from the root, the latter 3 compounds were first isolated from the aerial part. To compare the compound types of the aerial part and the root, we know that there is some difference on the liposoluble compounds.Because Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae has significant medicinal value, it has been widely used in clinics. So far, there are few researches on S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba. Some researchers found that the aerial part of S. miltiorrhiza has similar bioactives and pharmacological effects as the root. But the study on the bioactives and pharmacological effects in the aerial part of S. miltiorrhiza is not sufficient at home and abroad. This paper carried out a preliminary research on distribution traits of bioactives in different parts of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. and S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba; and studied the chemical constituents of the root and the aerial part to obtain 6 compounds. These results enrich the research on S. miltiorrhiza and provide theoretical and experimental bases for the further recognition and rational exploitation and utilization of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. f. alba and the aerial part resource.