| Objective: To investigate the effect of buyang huanwu decoction on the survival of the motor neurons of the anterior horn of spinal cord and the sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after the peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups after the right sciatic was transected. Postoperatively, bu-yang huanwu decoction was administered daily to rats of the experimental group. For rats of the conrol group, normal saline was given. By the end of four weeks, the L4,5 spinal region and L4,L5 DRG were dissected out for neuron count and morphological analysis. Results: The survival rate of motor neurons in the experimental group was 69.22% and was statistically significant compared with that in the c-ontrol group, which is 59.87% (P<0.0l). The survival rate of sensory ne-urons was 79.13% in the experimental group, 70.99% in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.0 1). The diameter and area of motor neurons and sensory neurons were significantly smaller in the control group than those in the experimental group (P<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that buyang huanwu decoction can increase the survival rate of neurons and counteract the atrophy of neurons after peripheral nerve injury.
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