| Objective To investigate the chromosome 3p loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in brush-off cell of lung carcinoma and control, and evaluate the possibility of detecting 3p LOH in brush-off cell instead of resected lung tissue as a biomarker and diagnostic test for lung carcinoma.Methods 24 bronchoscopic brush-off specimens of lung carcinoma and 18 lung benign disease were analyzed 3p LOH, Using polymerase chain reaction-based assays for dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms at three chromosome 3p loci (3p14,3p21, and 3p25).Results Of the 24 cases with lung carcinoma, 14 (the sensitivity was 58.3%) had LOH at 3p. Among them, 3 Cases(12.5%) had LOH at 3pl4, 4 Cases(16.7%) had LOH at 3p21, 2 Cases(8.3%) had LOH at 3p25, and 5 Cases(20.8%) occurred LOH at least 2 region. Chromosome 3p LOH were observed in 1 of 18 lung benign disease specimens. The rate of Chromosome 3p LOH was higher in SCLC(100%, 3/3), 57.1%(8/14) in squamous cell carcinoma and 42.9%(3/7) in adenocarcinoma. Chromosome 3p LOH in stage III (66.7%, 6/9) and stage IV (75.0%, 6/8) were both higher than that of stage II (28.6%, 2/7). But the total frequency of LOH at Chromosome 3p did not relate to TNM staging and pathological classification in statistical analysis (P > 0.05). In lung carcinoma,Chromosome 3p LOH of smoker was significantly higher than non-smoker (P < 0.05).The bronchoscopic brush-off cytology of lung carcinoma was positive for malignant cells in 29.2%.Conclusion The rate of chromosome 3p LOH in lung carcinom are higher than control. Detecting chromosome 3p LOH of brush-off specimens may be may be used in clinical diagnosis of lung carcinoma, and combined the 3p LOH and bronchoscopic brush-off cytology will increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. 3p LOH be related to tobacco smoking of lung carcinoma, and the chromosome 3p may be a molecular target of tobaco-related Carcinogenesis. Additional studies will be needed to clarify that 3p LOH do not relate to TNM staging and pathological classification.
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