| PREFACELeptin, a recently discorvered peptide, is the crinary protein of the ob gene. Leptin are related closely with many important physiolgi-cal organization. And now, the studies on leptin and its determinants in patients with diabetic milletus and its complications have become hot spot. Btu the results are quite different. The accumulation of leptin will cauce effects in the body, this study was undertaken to learn serum leptin levels and the determinants of serum leptin in typy 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminria, according to the results of serum leptin and other physicochemical indexes.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSubjectsWe collected 63 2 typy diabetic patients (M30, F33) including 30 paitents of simple diabeticmilletus, ( albuminuria < 30mg/24h ) , 16 patients with microalbuminuria, 17 patients with macroalbuminuria ( albuminuria >= 300mg/24h ). At the same time, we collected 30 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex and BMI served as controls.MeasurementsBlood samples were taken after an overnight fast at 7Am to measure serum creatinine (Scr) , albumin( ALB) , total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) , and serum leptin in all numbers. At the same time, the height and weight were measured for each subject. Serum leptin levels were measured with a radioimmunoassay kit and BIM was calculated by weight ( kg )/height2 (m2). The clearance rate ofcreati-nine Ccr(ml/s) was calculated by simply formula: [{140 -age) x weight(kg)]/[72 xScr(mg/dl) x60] (men) and[< 140 - age) x weight(kg) ]/[85 xScr(mg/dl) x60] (women) raised by Cockcroft and Gault et al.Statistical analysisAll data were presented as the mean ± SD. t test was used to compare differences. Simple and multiple stepwise regerssion analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between variables. Statistical a-nalysis were obtained by SPSS 10.0 software package. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS(1) Serum leptin levels in patients with 2 type diabetic nephropa-thy (12. 80 ±3.91ng/ml) were obviously higher than those in simple 2 typy diabetic patients (6. 24 ±1. 71ng/ml) P < 0. Oland those in normal controls (5.18 ± 1.64ng/ml) P <0.01.(2) Leptin concentrations in femal subjects were obviously higher than those in male subjects in both simple 2 typy diabetic and diabetic nephropathic group, same as the control group.nephropathic group [ < 14.66 ± 2.91) ng/ml vs (10.82 ± 3.94) ng/ml] P <0. 01, simple diabetic group [ (7. 12 ± 1. 50) ng/ml vs(5.23±1.38)ng/ml] P<0.01, control group [(6.15 ±1.39) vs (4.08±1.14)ng/ml] P<0.01.(3) There were significant correlations between serum leptin levels and BMI in nephropathic group (r =0.529, P <0.01) , and in simple diabetic group ( r = 0. 525, P < 0. 01) , and in control group ( r = 0. 590, P<0.01).(4) Serum leptin levels in patients with macroali>uminuria{ 13.71± 2. 63ng/ml) is obviously higher than those in patients with rni-croalbuminuria (11. 82 ±4.82ng/ml) P <0.05 , and those in simple2 typy diabetic patients (6. 23 ±1. 71ng/ml) P <0. 01. There arestill significant difference after BMI being regulated.(5) Serum leptin levels in patients with microalbuminuria is obviously higher than those in simple 2 type diabetic patients ( P <0.01).(6) There are significant negative correlation between serum leptin levels and BMI (r= -0.644, P<0.05).DISCUSSIONLeptin was first cloned and named by Zhang et al through the oriented cloning technic. Leptin, the produce of the ob gene and produced mainly in adipose tissue, especially in subcutaneous adipose tissue. It has been reported that serum leptin levels are significantly higher in the obese and women than those in the thin and men. The present study on 2 type diabetic patients and normal controls confirmed these reports. It suggested that serum leptin levels were correlated closely with body fat mass and gender both in normal healthy subjects and chronic renal failure patients. The number of adipose cells directly affected the secretion of leptin be...
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