| Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the major causes of cancer death in the world, especially in China. It exists in 2 main histopathological types-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). In China, more than 90% esophageal cancer cases is SCC of the esophagus. The genetic changes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have been reported, such as the abnormal expression of many genes. However, the molecular mechanism of these genes deregulation in ESCC still remains unclear. Therefore, it is important to investigate some ESCC-correlated genes' expression for illustrating the mechanism of ESCC carcinogenesis.S100 gene family comprising of 21 members is a multigenetic family of coding Ca++-modulated proteins of EF-hand. It has been reported for S100 gene family to be involved in the intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities in a Ca++-dependent, and to deregulate in tumors. Sixteen members of this family are clustered on the chromosome 1q21 which is a region frequently rearranged in tumors. This region has been termed the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), which is correlated with the differentiation of epidermis and the carcinogenesis from epidermis. All these indicate that the investigation on S100 gene family may be helpful for understanding the mechanism of ESCC carcinogenesis.In this study, the differential expression of 16 S100 genes was studied in 62 pairs of ESCC samples including cancer tissues and their corresponding normal counterparts. Then we selected S100A14 gene as the object of further study for its significant deregulation in ESCC.METHODS:First, the differential expression of 16 S100 genes was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 62 cases of ESCC versus the corresponding normal esophageal mucosa. All results were analyzed with SAS 8.1 software for Windows 98. Then the S100AJ4 gene was selected and analyzed by the Northern blotting and Western blotting hybridization in ESCC versus the counterparts and in some normal adult organic tissues. At the same time, we examined S100A14 gene's expression by RT-PCR in different developmental stages of C57 mouse (including 17.5 day-aged C57 mouse embryo, newborn mouse and adult male mouse) and a number of their organic tissues.RESULTS:1 RT-PCR Results of S100 Gene Family11 S100 genes were significantly down-regulated (p<0.05) which were SJOOAJ, S100A2, S100A4, S100A8, S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100A14, S100B and S100P genes, and only S100A7 gene was markedly up-regulated (p<0.05) in ESCC compared with the corresponding normal esophageal mucosa. Moreover, S100B gene was significantly correlated with the histological differentiation of ESCC (p=0.0247), and some deregulated S100 genes were also significantly correlated each other (p<0.05), such as S100A10 and S100A11 (r=0.7559), SJOOA2 and S100A8 (r=0.6829), S100A2 and S100AJ4 (r=0.6818), S100A8 and S100A14 (r=0.6774), S100A2 and SlOOP (r=0.6549), S100A8 and SlOOP (r=0.6422), S100A9 and S100A10 (r=0.5928), S100A7 and S100A10 (r=0.5900), S100A14 and S100P (r=0.5801), 5700,49 and S100A14 (r=0.5427), S100A8 and S100A9 (r=0.5374).2. Northern blotting of S100A14 geneThe results of Northern blotting showed that S100A14 gene was remarkably down-regulated in ESCC (5/5) versus the corresponding normal esophageal mucosa and was not detected in normal uterus, stomach and liver.3. Western blotting of S100A14 proteinThe results of Western blotting suggested that of 8 total cases, S100A14 protein was down-regulated in ESCC compared with the matched normal mucosa in 5 cases, upregulated in 1 case and not significantly deregulated in 2 cases. The expression of S100A14 protein in various organs of a normal adult man was investigated by the Western blotting and the results showed that it expressed mainly in the digestive tract, in which its expression was the highest in the esophagus, followed by the colon, small intestine and stomach in turn.4. The expression of...
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