| Invasion and metastasis is one of the primary biologic characters of malignant tumors. The inactivation of anti-oncogene and the activation of oncogene are the basis lead to the lost control of proliferation malignant growth invasion and metastasis of tumors. The theory of tumor invasion demonstrated that during the invasion process, tumor cells must traverse the basement membrane constituent of type IV collagen laminin(LN)and fibronectin(FN)and so on many times. MMPs is the most important group in the proteinases involved in the destroy of basement memberane, and in MMPs family, MMP-2 has the closest relation with tumors' invasion and metastasis.Kiss gene, a new metastasis suppressor gene, was found out by lee and his coworkers from melanoma. Studies had proved that the expression level of kiss-1 had negative correlation with the metastasis ability of human melanoma mammary cancer and so on.In this study, we assessed the expression of MMP-2 and Kiss-1 in bladder carcinoma and their relationship in tumor invasion and metastasis.Materials and Methods40 transitional cell carcinoma patients' post-operation paraffin specimens since 1998 to 2002 were recruited. 31 males, 9 females; According to clinical stags, superficial tumor 14 cases,Infiltrate tumor 26 cases(T29 cases T3 10 cases T4 7 cases ) ;pathologic grades, G1l3 cases G2 14 cases G313 cases. Normal bladder tissue from 10 cases were used as control. The expression of MMP-2 and Kiss-1 in all patients was analyzed using irnmunohistochemically method(SP) and was compared with clinicopathologic and prognostic parameters. All data were processed by SPSS, comparisons were done using chi square test.Results1. The expression of both of MMP-2 and Kiss-1 was negative in normal controls. Among 40 cases with blander cancer, 23 cases were MMP-2 positive, the positive rate was 57. 5%. Positive expression of MMP-2 increased in ingil-trated group (18 cases) compared with superficial group(18 vs5, P <0. 05). The difference were significant between high, middle differentiation group and low differentiation group (G15,G26,G312 P <0. 05) ,but not significant between high and middle differentiation group(P > 0.05). MMP-2 is mostly located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, and at positive cells, it is much more expressed near the boundary of epithelium and mesenchymal.2. For Kiss-1, Among 40 cases with blander cancer, 17 cases were positive, the positive rate was 42. 5%. Positive expression of Kiss-1 decrease in in-giltrated group (T2 T3 T4,8 cases)compared with superficial group(8 vs9,P <0. 05 ). The difference were significant between high differentiation group and middle, low differentiation group ( G110,G24,G33. P < 0. 05) but not significant between middle and low differentiation group (P > 0.05).3. Analysis showed that expressiong of MMP-2 and Kiss-1 in blander cancer patients has no correlation (P > 0.05).DiscussionMMPs is a kind of zinc ion-depended endopeptidase, it can degrade all components of extracellular matrix. Among MMPs, MMP-2 is one of the most important enzymes which degrading the basement membrane. In human tissue, MMP-2 is excreted by cells as zymogen, activated by all kinds of activation factors, then acts its enzymolysis. Studies had proved that MMP-2 played a key role in invasion and metastasis. Damaging of MMPs' mechanism caused by some neoplastic factors made massive outcoming of protease such as MMP-2 at tumortissues and degrade the extracellular mesenchymal, so help tumors' invasion. These years, it was found that high level MMP-2 is expressed in many tumor tissues including bladder carcinoma, and the expression degree was correlated with tumors' invasion ability.Our experiment proved that there was high level expression of MMP-2 in bladder carcinoma tissues, and much more MMP-2 at the tumor cells near the mesenchymal, to explain the main place where MMP-2 play its enzymolysis effect. Furthermore, Positive expression of MMP-2 was correlated with pathological stage and grade of bladder carcinoma. MMP-2 in...
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