| Background:Up to now, the diagnosis of renal allograft complication by ultrasound usually depends on the changes of kidney's morphology and gray scale intensity appearing in its two dimensional ultrasonography while there is no more effective approaches to assess the renal blood perfusion except to measure the velocity and resistance index of renal artery. In the past few years, the research of novel echo contrast agent and relative ultrasonographic techniques has made so great progress that people can more effectively and directly evaluate the blood perfusion of the tissues and organs than before. In this study, the canine models of renal allograft were established and theoperation produce complication, acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection.Observing pre-and post complication blood perfusion of renal cortex by AD and IUHI techniques comparison the renal biopsies simultaneity, we are going to explore the feasibility of distinguishing diagnoses of renal allograft complication using the new method.Objective:1. To quantitatively assess changes of the renal cortex blood perfusion inpre and post-AR of renal allograft by intravenous contrast ultrasound (ICU), acoustic densitometry (AD), ultraharmonic imaging (UHI) techniques, comparison the pathological changes of renal allograft simultaneity.2. To quantitatively assess changes of the renal cortex blood perfusion in pre and post-ATN of renal allograft bylCU, AD, UHI techniques, comparison the pathological changes of renal allograft simultaneity.3. To analyse changes of blood perfusion AR and ATN comparison by contrast ultrasound and explore the feasibility of distinguishing diagnoses of renal allograft complication using the new method.Methods:1. To establish the canine models of renal allograft complication.2. Using auto-control, ultrasound examination image in post-operation 15 min as comparison index.To general examine the kidney every day until the animal dead or stop experiment when the renal cortex have no perfusion of ultrasonic contrast agent.(1)General ultrasonic examinationProbe C3540 .frequency 2.1 ~ 4.2MHz.To general examine the transplanted kidney in two dimensional and doppler ultrasonography. To measure size, the velocity and resistance index of renal artery.(2)To measure blood perfusion of transplanted kidney cortex by UHI.Ultrasonic contrast agent and dosage: The contrast agent was "Quanfuxian",microbubble diameter 2.0~5.0um, concentration 1.0x109~ 2.0xl09/ml, PH 6.4~7.4.To inject 2ml physiological brine washing pipeline after intravenous bolus inject, repeat 3 times each more than 15min. dosage 0.03ml /kg.Contrast Ultrasound: Probe S3,frequency 1.0-3.0MHz, choice the mostlong axis view of transplanted kidney, fixup probe,begin the trigger to intermittent ultrasound imaging,image 1 frame each 3000ms. Machine index setups less than 0.6, decrease 2D image plus only clearly show transplanted kidney, fixup the machine condition pre and post-ICU start up the loop simultaneity, dynamic note all image ,save in MO and analyse later.(3)Analysis:Vision effect of contrast ultrasound: To evaluate image pre-and post ICU.AD:To analyse the save image with AD software,lune sampling frame(21 X 21) placed the renal cortex(3mm within envelope),3 point sample obtain equal value, such as peak intensity (PI), the area under the curve (AUC), half-time of descent(HI), the mean transit time (MTT) and sampling interphase(SI).(4)Statistic AnalysisResults:1.Though pre and post-ATN comparison ,we detected that the curve peak was ante-displaced and parameters of TIC (except PI), AUC, HT, MTT , the ratio of PI to AUC were decreased dramatically ,2D and CDFI were shown no varietise.2. Early AR happen, the pathological changes under microscope show the renal tubular epithelial cells damnify .The renal size increase and CDFI show abundance blood flow signal, which RI of the foliolelar artery gradually increase no beyound 0.70.The contrast agent perfusion of the renal cortex decrease a little which TIC depress and AUC decrease obv...
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