| [Abstract] Objective To compare the ability of MRI and CT in evaluating the therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). And to identify the differences in responses to TACE of small HCC(S-HCC) and large HCC(L-HCC) by MRI features. Materials and Methods 21 patients with 30 original HCC lesions were enrolled in this study, including 14 L-HCC lesions (> 3.0 cm) and 16 S-HCC lesions (<3.0 cm). MRI and CT were performed in all patients within 1-9 months after the last TACE. The time interval between CT and MRI was not exceeding one month. DSA was performed 3 ~ 15 days after CT and MRI. The coincidence rate between CT and DSA was compared with that between MRI and DSA. The differences of L-HCC and S-HCC in retention of lipiodol, formation of pseudocapsule, necrosis of main tumor and residual viable tumor, and metastasis were compared. Results (l)CT and DSA coincided in 22 lesions. The coincidence rate was 73.3%. MRI and DSA coincided in 28 lesions. The coincidence rate was 93.3%. There was significant difference between CT and MRI (P<0.05). (2)On CT, 56.3% S-HCCs and 43.8% L-HCCs were well filled with lipiodol. No significant difference existed between S-HCC and L-HCC (P>0.05) . On MRI, pseudocapsules formation was seen in 62.5% S-HCC and in 21.4% L-HCC. There was significant difference between S-HCC and L-HCC (P <0.05). Complete necrosis of tumor interior was seen in 81.3% S-HCCand in!4.3% L-HCC , residual viable tumors were seen in 18.8% S-HCC and in 85.7% L-HCC. There was significant difference between S-HCC and L-HCC (P<0.05). Metastases were seen in 6.3% S-HCCs and in 35.7% L-HCCs. No significant difference existed between S-HCC and L-HCC (P>0.05) . Conclusions MRI was better than CT in evaluating the therapeutic effect of TACE on HCC. The features of S-HCC and L-HCC showed differences on MRI after TACE treatment, in agreement with the finding of histopathology.
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